Dmitry of Uglich

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In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Ivanovich.

Dmitry Ivanovich
Tsarevich of Russia
Rurik
FatherIvan IV of Russia
MotherMaria Nagaya
ReligionRussian Orthodox
Dmitry of Uglich
Icon of St. Dmitry, 18th Century
the Wonderworker, Slain Crown Prince or Pious Crown Prince
Venerated inEastern Orthodox Church
FeastMay 15/ 28

Dmitry Ivanovich (Russian: Дмитрий Иванович; 29 October [O.S. 19 October] 1582 – 15 May 1591)[1] was the youngest son of Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible. He was the tsarevich (heir apparent) for close to seven years of his half-brother Feodor I's reign (though his legitimacy as an heir could have been contested by the Russian Orthodox Church). After his death, he was impersonated by a number of imposters to the throne, during the Time of Troubles.

Life

Dmitry was the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible by his last wife Maria Nagaya, and their only child together.[2] Ivan died in 1584, and was succeeded by Dmitry's older brother, Feodor I. Feodor was sickly and weak, and the country was governed by a regency council. This was headed from 1586 by Boris Godunov, Feodor's brother-in-law and Malyuta Skuratov's son-in-law.

In 1584, Godunov sent Dmitry, and his mother and her brothers, into internal exile in the tsarevich's appanage of Uglich. On 15 May 1591, Dmitry died there under mysterious circumstances.

As a result, when Feodor I died childless in 1598, Dmitry, the only other possible Rurikid heir, was also dead, and Godunov claimed the throne.

It was widely believed at the time that Godunov got rid of Dmitry to clear the way for his own eventual succession.[3]

Death theories

Depiction of Dmitry's death by Pavel Pleshanov

Russian chroniclers and later historians offered two possible scenarios of what could have happened to Dmitry. The first theory is that Dmitry was killed by order of

Nikolai Karamzin, Sergei Soloviev, Vasily Klyuchevsky and others). Critics of this version point out that Dmitry was Ivan's son from his last marriage, and thus illegitimate by Russian Orthodox canon law, which allows a maximum of three marriages. This would make any claim of Dmitry's for the throne dubious at best. Modern scholarship tends to exonerate Boris of any role in the prince's death.[4]

Palace in Uglich Kremlin, where Dmitry died

The second theory is that Dmitry stabbed himself in the

Sergei Platonov, V. K. Klein, Ruslan Skrynnikov and others). The detractors of this scenario assert that, since during an epileptic seizure the palms are wide open, the self-infliction of a fatal wound becomes highly unlikely. However, the official investigation, done at that time, asserted that the tsarevich's seizure came while he was playing a svaika
game or with a knife (v tychku) and thus holding the knife by the blade, turned toward himself. With the knife in that position, the version of self-inflicted wound on the neck while falling forward during seizure appears more likely.

There is also a third version of Dmitry's fate, which found support with some earlier historians, such as

impostors, sponsored by the Polish nobility (see False Dmitry). However, most modern Russian historians consider the version of Dmitry's survival improbable, since it is hardly possible that the boy's appearance was unknown to his assassins. Also, it is well known that many Polish nobles who supported False Dmitry I
did not believe his story themselves.

Aftermath

The Church of St. Demetrius on Blood in Uglich commemorates his death

The death of the tsarevich roused a violent riot in

Vasily Shuisky, after a thorough examination of witnesses, concluded that the tsarevich had died from a self-inflicted stab wound to the throat. Following the official investigation, Maria Nagaya was forcibly tonsured as a nun and exiled to a remote convent
.

However, when the political circumstances changed, Shuisky retracted his earlier claim of accidental death and asserted that Dmitry was murdered on

Shuisky, which ruled Dmitry's death to be an accident.[5]

Cultural references

The story of murder is presumed in

Boris Godunov, made into an opera by Modest Mussorgsky
.

References

  1. ^ The name is also translated as Demetrius or transliterated in numerous other ways. See Dmitry.
  2. ^ Ray, Michael. "Dmitry Ivanovich". Encyclopedia Britannica
  3. OCLC 1289513805.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
  4. ASIN B0007JWDNG
    .
  5. ^ "RUSSIA...Dmitry on the Blood | Travel Blog". travelblog.org. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (1582-1591).

Bibliography

  • Sergey Platonov. Очерки по истории смуты в Московском государстве XVI-XVII вв. Moscow, 1937.
  • Ruslan Skrynnikov. Лихолетье. Москва в XVI-XVII веках. Moscow, 1988.
Russian royalty
Preceded by Heir to the Russian throne
1584–1591 		Succeeded by
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