Doublet earthquake
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Doublet/multiplet events also have nearly identical seismic waveforms, as they come from the same rupture zone and stress field, whereas aftershocks, being peripheral to the main rupture, typically reflect more diverse circumstances of origin.[5] Multiplet events overlap in their focal fields (rupture zones), which can be up 100 kilometers across for magnitude 7.5 earthquakes.[6] Doublets have been distinguished from triggered earthquakes, where the energy of the seismic waves triggers a distant earthquake with a different rupture zone, although it has been suggested such a distinction reflects "imprecise taxonomy" more than any physical reality.[7]
Multiplet earthquakes are believed to result when asperities, such as large chunks of
Although there have been numerous earthquakes with two or even three primary shocks of such similar magnitude that picking one as the main shock can be somewhat arbitrary, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that studies of
Doublet earthquakes pose a challenge to the
See also
- Category:Doublet earthquakes. Only a partial listing.
Notes
- ^ Poupinet, Ellsworth & Frechet 1984, p. 5719.
- ^ Beroza, Cole & Ellsworth 1995, pp. 3977, 3978. Kagan & Jackson (1999, p. 1147) define doublets more precisely as "pairs of large earthquakes whose centroids are closer than their rupture size and whose interevent time is shorter than the recurrence time inferred from the plate motion.
- ^ Felzer, Abercrombie & Ekström 2004, p. 91.
- Omori's law, and Gutenberg–Richter law.
- ^ Poupinet, Ellsworth & Frechet 1984, p. 5719.
- ^ Kagan & Jackson 1999, p. 1147.
- ^ Hough & Jones 1997, p. 505.
- ^ Donner et al. 2015, p. 5.
- ^ Nissen et al. 2016, p. 330.
- ^ Nissen et al. 2016, p. 334.
- ^ Lin et al. 2008, pp. 593–594.
- ^ Oike 1971; Poupinet, Ellsworth & Frechet 1984.
- ^ Kagan & Jackson 1999, p. 1152.
- ^ Massin, Farrell & Smith 2013, p. 168.
- ^ Felzer, Abercrombie & Ekström 2004, p. 91.
- Kurile Islands.
- ^ Kagan & Jackson 1999, p. 1147; Nissen et al. 2016, p. 330.
- ^ Nissen et al. 2016, p. 334.
- ^ UCERF3 Fact Sheet 2015.
Sources
- Beroza, Gregory C.; Cole, Alex T.; Ellsworth, William L. (10 March 1995), "Stability of coda wave attenuation during the Loma Prieta, California, earthquake sequence" (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 100 (B3): 3977–3987, .
- Donner, Stefanie; Ghods, Abdolreza; Krüger, Frank; Rößler, Dirk; Landgra, Angela; Ballato, Paolo (April 2015), "The Ahar-Varzeghan Earthquake Doublet (Mw 6.4 and 6.2) of 11 August 2012: Regional Seismic Moment Tensors and a Seismotectonic Interpretation", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 105 (2a): 791–807, .
- Felzer, Karen R.; .
- Hough, Susan E.; Jones, Lucille M. (11 November 1997), "Aftershocks: Are They Earthquakes or Afterthoughts?", Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 78 (45): 505–520, .
- Kagan, Yan Y.; Jackson, David D. (October 1999), "Worldwide Doublets of Large Shallow Earthquake" (PDF), Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 89 (5): 1147–1155, .
- Lin, Cheng-Horng; Yeh, Yih-Hsiung; Ando, Masataka; Chen, Kuang-Jung; Chang, Tao-Ming; Pu, Hsin-Chieh (December 2008), "Earthquake Doublet Sequences: Evidence of Static Triggering in the Strong Convergent Zones of Taiwan" (PDF), Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 19 (6): 589–594, ISSN 2311-7680.
- Massin, Frederick; Farrell, Jaime; Smith, Robert B (1 May 2013), "Repeating earthquakes in the Yellowstone volcanic field: Implications for rupture dynamics, ground deformation, and migration in earthquake swarms" (PDF), Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 257: 159–173, ISSN 0377-0273.
- Nissen, E.; Elliott, J. R.; Sloan, R. A.; Craig, T. J.; Funning, G. J.; Hutko, A.; Parsons, B. E.; Wright, T. J. (April 2016), "Limitations of rupture forecasting exposed by instantaneously triggered earthquake doublet" (PDF), Nature Geoscience, 9 (4): 330–336, S2CID 28839081.
- Oike, Kazuo (November 1971), "On the Nature of the Occurrence of Intermediate and Deep Earthquakes: 3. Focal Mechanisms of Multiplets" (PDF), Journal of the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, 21 (Part 2, no. 189): 153–178.
- Poupinet, G.; Ellsworth, W. L.; Frechet, J. (10 July 1984), "Monitoring Velocity Variations in the Crust Using Earthquake Doublets: An Application to the Calaveras Fault, California", Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 89 (B7): 5719–5731, S2CID 129669235.
- Field, Edward H.; et al. (WGCEP) (March 2015), "UCERF3: A New Earthquake Forecast for California's Complex Fault System" (PDF), U.S. Geological Survey 2015–3009, Fact Sheet, ISSN 2327-6932.