Downstream (petroleum industry)
The
Midstream operations are often included in the downstream category and are considered to be a part of the downstream sector.
ISO definition
ISO 20815 defines "downstream" in its definition section as:
3.1.8 downstream
business process, most commonly in petroleum industry, associated with post-production activities.
Byproduct sulfur
Crude oil is a mixture of many varieties of
The hydrogen sulfide removed in the refining and processing of crude oil and natural gas is subsequently converted into byproduct elemental sulfur. In fact, the vast majority of the 64,000,000 metric tons of sulfur produced worldwide in 2005 was byproduct sulfur from refineries and natural-gas processing plants.[3][4]
Marketing
Marketing is the wholesale and retail distribution of refined petroleum products to business, industry, government, and public consumers.[5]
See also
References
- ^ Industry Overview from the website of the Petroleum Services Association of Canada (PSAC)
- ^ ISO 20815
- ^ Sulfur production report by the United States Geological Survey
- ^ Discussion of recovered byproduct sulfur
- ^ Burclaff, Natalie. "Research Guides: Oil and Gas Industry: A Research Guide: Downstream: Refining and Marketing". Library of Congress. Retrieved 22 October 2023.