Dudley Peninsula
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Footnotes | Climate data[4] |
Dudley Peninsula (known as Presquila Gallissoniere and as the MacDonnell Peninsula from 1857 to 1986) is the peninsula forming the eastern end of Kangaroo Island in the Australian state of South Australia. It was occupied by Aboriginal Australians as recently as 3,100 years BP but was found to be unoccupied by the first European explorers to visit it in the early 19th century. It was first settled by Europeans as early as the 1830s. As of 2011, it had a population of 595 people.
Extent
Dudley Peninsula is the eastern end of Kangaroo Island. It is connected to the main body of the island via an
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kangaroo_Island_with_burn_scars%2C_Dec_2007.jpg/220px-Kangaroo_Island_with_burn_scars%2C_Dec_2007.jpg)
Naming
The first reported European name for the Dudley Peninsula is "Presquila Gallissoniere" which was given by the Baudin Expedition.[8] In 1857, it was named the "MacDonnell Peninsula" by William Bloomfield Douglas after Richard Graves MacDonnell, the sixth governor of South Australia.[9] On 20 March 1986, it was renamed as the "Dudley Peninsula" to be "in keeping with local usage."[1][10]
History
Aboriginal use
The archaeological record indicates that Kangaroo Island was occupied by Aboriginal Australians as early as 16,110 years BP. European explorers visiting in the early 19th century found no evidence of human occupation as evident by lack of smoke from fires which was common along the Australian coastline at the time, overgrown vegetation that had not been managed by "firestick farming" and animals such as seals and kangaroos "appeared unused to human presence". Aboriginal sites have been identified by the South Australian Museum and others on the Dudley Peninsula. As of 1999, radiocarbon dating of material recovered via archaeological excavation from a site called Pigs Waterhole on the peninsula suggest aboriginal presence in the eastern end of Kangaroo Island as recently as 3,100 years BP.[11]
European discovery and settlement
Dudley Peninsula was first visited by European navigators in 1802 when the British navigator, Matthew Flinders, explored its north coast during March 1802. After meeting Flinders at Encounter Bay in April 1802, the Baudin expedition visited the peninsula's north coast later in April 1802 and explored its south coast during January 1803.[12][13][14] Formal settlement commenced in 1836 with a fleet under the control of the South Australian Company arriving at what is now Kingscote further west on Kangaroo Island. Some of the people who had been living on that part of Kangaroo Island prior to 1836 moved to the peninsula to avoid being within the jurisdiction of the South Australian Company and thereby making it "most prosperous part of the island and the scene of its first significant agricultural and pastoral development."[12][15] The full extent of Kangaroo Island was gazetted on 13 August 1874 as the
Natural geography
Geomorphology and geology
The Dudley Peninsula came into existence about 9,500 years BP when Kangaroo Island became separate from what is now
Climate
The Dudley Peninsula has a mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb)[25] As of 2002, Penneshaw received an annual rainfall of 509 millimetres (20.0 in) and this average is considered to increase to 600 millimetres (24 in) at the top of the peninsula's plateau.[23]
Human geography
Settlements
Demographics
At the 2011 census, the Dudley Peninsula had a population of 595 with 276 persons located in Penneshaw and the remaining 319 located on the remainder of the peninsula, being the localities of American Beach, Antechamber Bay, Baudin Beach, Brown Beach, Cuttlefish Bay, Dudley East, Dudley West, Ironstone, Island Beach, Kangaroo Head, Pelican Lagoon, Porky Flat, Sapphiretown, Willoughby and Willson River.[2][3]
Land use
As of 1989, most of the northern side of the peninsula above a line from Cape Willoughby in the east to Strawbridge Point at the junction of American River and Eastern Cove in the west had been progressively cleared for agricultural purposes, while the southern side had retained most of its native vegetation. Subsequent clearing of native vegetation on a
Transport
Roads
The peninsula is served by a road network extending from both Penneshaw on its northern coast and from Hog Bay Road, a road maintained by the
Sea
As of 2014, port infrastructure at Penneshaw was being used by
Aviation
As of 2014, no public airfields were located within the extent of the Dudley Peninsula with the nearest and the only one available being the Kingscote Airport on the western part of the island in the locality of Cygnet River.[32][33]
Governance
The Dudley Peninsula is located within the jurisdiction of the Kangaroo Island Council and within the following electorates – the state district of Finniss and the federal division of Mayo.[34][35][36]
Protected areas
As of 2015, the Dudley Peninsula contained the following conservation parks – Baudin, Cape Willoughby, Dudley, Lashmar, Lesueur, Pelican Lagoon and Simpson. Also, as of 2015, an area of privately owned land appropriately equivalent to that of the above conservation parks has protected status due to being subject to native vegetation heritage agreements.[37]
See also
Citations and references
Citations
- ^ a b "Search result for "Dudley Peninsula, PEN" with the following layers selected - "NPW and Conservation Properties", "Hundreds", "Gazetteer" and "Roads"". Location SA Map Viewer. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
- ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Penneshaw (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
- ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Island Beach (State Suburb) (sic)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
- Commonwealth of Australia , Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
- ^ DMH, 1985, chart 11
- ^ a b c BIA, 2005, page 184
- ^ "Limits of Oceans and Seas" (PDF) (PDF) (3rd ed.). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ DPTI, Search result for Presquila Gallissoniere (record no. SA0025371), 2015
- ^ DPTI, Search result for MacDonnell Peninsula (record no. SA0041824), 2015
- ^ Abbott, R.K. (20 March 1986). "GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ACT, 1969-1982" (PDF). The South Australian Government Gazette. Government of South Australia. p. 594. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
the Geographical Names Board has recommended that the name MacDonnell Peninsula be changed to Dudley Peninsula
- ^ Robinson et al., 1999, pages 33 -36
- ^ a b Robinson et al, 1989–90, page 49
- ^ Marsden, 1991, pages 2–3
- ^ Robinson et al., 1996, pages 116 & 119
- ^ Marsden, 1991, page 8
- AustLII.
- ^ a b c Marsden, 1991, pages 10–11
- AustLII.
- AustLII.
- ^ "About Council". Kangaroo Island Council. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
- ^ DEP, 1987, page 7
- ^ "KINGSCOTE Special 1:250 000 geological map" (PDF). South Australian Government, Geological Survey Branch, PIRSA. December 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
- ^ a b Henschke, 2002, page 1
- ^ Robinson et al., 1989–90, pages 21 & 29
- ISSN 1027-5606. (direct: Final Revised Paper)
- ^ DPTI, 2014, pages 301 & 302
- ^ Robinson et al., 1989–90, pages 50 & 52
- ^ "Kangaroo Island DBPC Bushfire Risk Management Plan 2009". Kangaroo Island District Bushfire Prevention Committee. 29 September 2009. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
- ^ DPTI, 2014, pages 300, 305 & 309
- ^ "Kangaroo Island Council Rural Roads – Rack Plan 946" (PDF). Department of Planning Transport and Infrastructure (DPTI). December 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
- ^ "Getting You to iconic Kangaroo Island". Sealink Travel Group. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
- ^ DPTI, 2014, pages 111 & 271
- ^ Kangaroo Island Council, 2013, page 17
- ^ "Federal electoral division of Mayo, boundary gazetted 16 December 2011" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ^ DPTI, 2014, page 15
- ^ "District of Finniss Background Profile". Electoral Commission SA. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ^ "Protected Areas of South Australia September (Map) 2015 Edition" (PDF). Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR). 30 July 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
References
- Boating Industry Association of South Australia (BIA); South Australia. Department for Environment and Heritage (2005), South Australia's waters an atlas & guide, Boating Industry Association of South Australia, ISBN 978-1-86254-680-6
- South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors (DMH) (1985), The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs, Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia, ISBN 978-0-7243-7603-2
- "Kangaroo Island Council development plan" (PDF). Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure (DPTI). 20 February 2014. Archived from the original(PDF) on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- Henschke, Chris; Billing, Bruce; Dooley, Trevor (December 2002), Dudley Peninsula Salinity Management Plan, Rural Solutions SA, archived from the original on 27 April 2013
- Kangaroo Island Council (May 2013). "A Business Case for the Upgrade of the Kangaroo Island Airport at Kingscote" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
- Marsden, Susan (1991). "A short history of Kangaroo Island". Professional Historians Association (South Australia). Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- Robinson, A. C.; Armstrong, D. M. (eds.). A Biological Survey of Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 1989 & 1990 (PDF). Adelaide, SA: Heritage and Biodiversity Section, Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, South Australia. ISBN 0 7308 5862 6. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
- Conservation Parks of Kangaroo Island Management Plan (PDF). Adelaide: Department of Environment and Planning, South Australia (DEP). 1987. ISBN 0-7243-8983-0.
- A.C. Robinson; P. Canty; T. Mooney; P. Rudduck (1996). "South Australia's offshore islands" (PDF). Australian Heritage Commission. ISBN 978-0-644-35011-2. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
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