Dusit Palace

Coordinates: 13°46′26″N 100°30′43″E / 13.774°N 100.512°E / 13.774; 100.512
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Dusit District
, Bangkok

Dusit Palace (Thai: พระราชวังดุสิต, RTGS: Phra Ratcha Wang Dusit) is a compound of royal residences in Bangkok, Thailand. Constructed over a large area north of Rattanakosin Island between 1897 and 1901 by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V). The palace, originally called Wang Suan Dusit or 'Dusit Garden Palace' (วังสวนดุสิต), eventually became the primary (but not official) place of residence of the King of Thailand, including King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), King Vajiravudh (Rama VI), King Prajadhipok (Rama VII), King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X). The palace covers an area of over 64,749 square metres (696,950 sq ft) and is dotted between gardens and lawns with 13 different royal residences. Dusit Palace is bordered by Ratchwithi Road in the north, Sri Ayutthaya Road in the south, Ratchasima Road in the west and U-Thong Nai Road on the east.

History

Background

King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) found the Grand Palace too overcrowded and unhealthy, as a result he began construction on a new palace, which eventually became Dusit Palace.
Chonburi Province
, but was dismantled on the orders of the king and reconstructed at Dusit Palace in 1901.

Since 1782 and the foundation of Bangkok as the capital city of the Kingdom of Siam, the monarchs of the Chakri dynasty have resided at the Grand Palace by the Chao Phraya River. The palace became the focal point of the city as well as a seat of the royal government and the home of the king and his court (his children and his polygamous household). During the reign of King Chulalongkorn, the Grand Palace was transformed, with reconstruction and additions made to the main Middle Court (state buildings) and the Inner Court (residential buildings) of the palace. The changes sought to modernize the palace as well as accommodate its growing population. As a result, the palace, particularly the Inner Court, became extremely overcrowded. The Grand Palace also became stiflingly hot during the summer months, with the passage of air blocked by the closely clustered new buildings. Epidemics, once started, were liable to spread easily within the crowded compound. The king, who enjoyed taking long walks for exercise and pleasure, often felt unwell after prolonged stays inside the Grand Palace. He consequently took frequent trips to the countryside to seek relief.[1]: 165 

Celestial palace

Chulalongkorn got the idea of having a royal residence with spacious gardens on the outskirts of the capital from European monarchs during his trip to Europe in 1897. When he returned to Bangkok he began to build a new royal compound within walking distance of the Grand Palace. He began by acquiring farmlands and orchards between Padung Krung Kasem and Samsen canals from Privy Purse funds. The king named this area Suan Dusit meaning 'celestial garden'. The first building in the area was a single story wooden structure, used by the king, his consorts, and his children for occasional stays. In 1890s, plans for a permanent set of residences were drawn up and construction began under the supervision of Prince

Narisara Nuvadtivongs (the king's brother) and C. Sandreczki (a German architect, responsible for the Boromphiman Palace). Apart from the prince all other members of the team were Europeans. When it became clear that Chulalongkorn preferred to stay in the garden, with only occasional visits to the Grand Palace for state and royal ceremonies, the name was changed to Wang Dusit meaning 'celestial dwelling'.[1]: 165  The king also ordered the construction of Wat Benchamabophit
nearby to serve as the palace's official temple.

Abhisek Dusit Throne Hall was built in 1904 as an audience hall and entertainment venue for the Dusit Palace complex.
The north façade of the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall, built in 1908 as an audience hall for the palace.

Apart from his long walks, Chulalongkorn also indulged in the new and fashionable pastime of

Royal Plaza southwards along the Makawan Rangsant and Phanfah Lielas Bridges then westward across the Phanbipob Liela Bridge, then south again long the Sanam Luang to the Grand Palace.[1]
: 166 

On Chulalongkorn's return from his second European tour in 1908, he expanded the palace northward, creating an additional private garden called Suan Sunandha (สวนสุนันทา), in honour of his first consort Queen

Sunandha Kumariratana, who died in 1880. The garden became the setting for residential houses belonging to the king's consorts and children. Chulalongkorn lived at the palace until his death at the Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall
on 23 October 1910 of kidney disease.

Sixth, seventh and eighth reigns

The moat of the Chitralada Royal Villa. The villa was built in 1913 and was incorporated as part of Dusit Palace in 1925. It was the primary residence of King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit.

Chulalongkorn's successor, King

National Assembly of Thailand
.

Ninth reign

Royal Plaza at Dusit Palace

When King Bhumibol Adulyadej returned from his studies to Thailand in 1952 he made the Chitralada Royal Villa his main residence and had it renovated. In the meantime the king and his growing family stayed at the Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall, part of Dusit Palace. After renovations were completed, the king made the royal villa his permanent residence. The area of the royal villa and garden is commonly referred to as "Chitralada Palace".[2]

In 1970, the National Assembly of Thailand requested a new plot of land for the building of a new legislature, as the Ananta Samkhom Throne Hall had become too small and was unable to accommodate the growing assembly and its secretariat. The king granted a plot of land on Dusit Palace grounds immediately north of the Throne Hall for the building of a new Parliament House of Thailand. With the completion of this new building the Ananta Samkhom Throne Hall was returned to the king as part of the palace once more.

Tenth reign

Royal Standard of Thailand at Dusit Palace in 2017

King Vajiralongkorn chose to keep his residence at the Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall,[3] where he was already living before the death of his father Bhumibol. In 2019 the National Assembly of Thailand moved into new premises, named the Sappaya-Sapasathan. As a result, the old parliament building was returned to the King and was promptly demolished and the area was merged into part of the Dusit Palace.

Currently several museums and exhibitions are displayed inside the various buildings within the Dusit Palace precinct, only a few of these are open to the public.

Layout

Map of Dusit Palace. With dates of demolition.

Like all Thai royal palaces of the past, Dusit Palace is divided into three areas: the outer, middle, and inner courts. However unlike the Grand Palace, the Dusit Palace courts were organized differently and were separated by canals and gardens as opposed to walls.

blue and white Chinese porcelain ware, which the king picked out himself. The gates were specifically named after human or animal motifs, while the name of the paths were taken from floral motifs.[1]
: 166 

Main edifices

Map of Dusit Palace. Dark green marks the current area of the palace; light green marks the historical area.
  • Vimanmek Mansion (1903) – Oldest residential building of the Dusit Palace complex; under renovation.
  • Abhisek Dusit Throne Hall (1904) – Built as a banqueting and festival space, now houses the Thai Handicrafts Museum.
  • Maha Vajiralongkorn
    .
  • Parliament of Thailand
    from 1932 to 1974. Currently closed to the public, only used for important royal ceremonies.
  • Chitralada Royal Villa (1913) – The primary residence of King Bhumibol Adulyadej from 1957 to 2016, currently home to Queen Sirikit.

Minor edifices

  • Suan Si Ruedu Royal Villa
  • Suan Hong Royal Villa
  • Suan Nok Mai Royal Villa
  • Suan Bua Royal Villa
  • HRH Princess Bussabun Bua-Phan Residential Hall
  • HRH Princess Arun-Wadi Residential Hall
  • HRH Princess Puang Soi Sa-ang Residential Hall
  • HRH Princess Orathai Thep Kanya Residential Hall
  • Krom Luang Vorased Thasuda Residential Hall
  • Tamnak Suan Farang Kangsai Residential Hall
  • Tamnka Suan Phudtan Residential Hall
  • Tamnak Hor Residential Hall
  • Paruskavan Palace
  • Suan Kularb Mansion

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 9781581122015. Archived from the original
    (Dissertation, University of Colorado) on 2019-01-02. Retrieved 2019-01-01.
  2. ^ "The Biography of His Majesty the King". kingramamusic.org. Archived from the original on 2017-09-14. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  3. ^ Ono, Yukako; Kotani, Hiroshi (2017-03-06). "New Thai king receives Japanese emperor". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 2019-01-01.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dusit Palace.

13°46′26″N 100°30′43″E / 13.774°N 100.512°E / 13.774; 100.512

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