Palace
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A palace is a grand residence, often serving as a royal residence or the home for a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop.[1] The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which housed the Imperial residences.[1]
Most European languages have a version of the term (palats, palais, palazzo, palacio, etc.), and many use it for a wider range of buildings than English. In many parts of Europe, the equivalent term is also applied to large private houses in cities, especially of the
A palace is normally distinguished from a castle in that the latter clearly is fortified or has the style of a fortification, whereas a palace does not.
Etymology
The word palace comes from Old French palais (imperial residence), from Latin Palātium, the name of one of the seven hills of Rome.[1] The original "palaces" on the Palatine Hill were the seat of the imperial power while the "capitol" on the Capitoline Hill was the religious nucleus of Rome. Long after the city grew to the seven hills the Palatine remained a desirable residential area. Emperor Caesar Augustus lived there in a purposely modest house only set apart from his neighbours by the two laurel trees planted to flank the front door as a sign of triumph granted by the Senate. His descendants, especially Nero with his "Domus Aurea" (the Golden House), enlarged the building and its grounds over and over until it took up the hill top. The word Palātium came to mean the residence of the emperor rather than the neighbourhood on top of the hill.
Palace meaning "government" can be recognized in a remark of
In modern times, the term has been applied by archaeologists and historians to large structures that housed combined ruler, court and bureaucracy in "palace cultures". In informal usage, the term "palace" can be extended to a grand residence of any kind.
Ancient palaces
Early ancient palaces include the
The best examples of the Bronze Age Greece palace are seen in the excavations at Mycenae, Tiryns and Pylos. That these were administrative centers is shown by the records found there. They were ranged around a group of courtyards each opening upon several rooms of different dimensions, such as storerooms and workshops, as well as reception halls and living quarters. The heart of the palace was the megaron. This was the throne room, laid out around a circular hearth surrounded by four columns, the throne generally being found on the right-hand side upon entering the room. The staircases found in the palace of Pylos indicate palaces had two stories. Located on the top floor were probably the private quarters of the royal family and some storerooms. These palaces have yielded a wealth of artifacts and fragmentary frescoes.
The Palace of Domitian in Rome is the overall name given to the complex of palaces that were the main residence in Rome of the Roman emperors from the late 1st century to the 5th. It is all ruined, but there are significant survivals of walls, and some sculptures and decorative elements have been excavated. The Domus Aurea was a different palace, begun by Nero, where excavations from the Renaissance onwards have discovered remarkably well-preserved paintings in levels now below ground.
Diocletian's Palace in Split, Croatia was ready for occupation in 305 AD, and is much the largest ancient survival, having been turned in the Middle Ages into a fortified town; it still houses many people and businesses.
Palaces in East Asia, such as the imperial palaces of Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, and large wooden structures in China's
Medieval palaces
European palaces belonging to rulers were often large and grand, but very few have survived to represent anything like their original medieval condition, with many having been abandoned, burned down, demolished, or rebuilt. The Palais des Papes in Avignon, France, is probably the best large example, essentially a creation of 1252 to 1379, and little has changed since 1433, which marked the end of the Avignon Papacy and subsequent schisms. In England, the Tower of London and Windsor Castle both contain many medieval parts, alongside later building designed to fit in.
Very little of the medieval Louvre Palace, one of the most magnificent, has survived above ground, and the same can be said of the main palaces of the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople: the Great Palace of Constantinople, Boukoleon Palace, and Palace of Blachernae. An annex of the last, the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus has significant remains, now housing a museum. But parts of smaller palaces survive in several places in Europe.
Americas
Brazil
The Brazilian new capital,
Canada
In
Rideau Hall is, since 1867, the official residence in Ottawa of both the Canadian monarch and his or her representative, the governor-general of Canada, and has been described as "Canada's house". It stands in Canada's capital on a 36-hectare (89-acre) estate at 1 Sussex Drive, with the main building consisting of approximately 175 rooms across 9,500 m2 (102,000 sq ft), and 27 outbuildings around the grounds. While the equivalent structure in many countries has a prominent, central place in the national capital, Rideau Hall's site is relatively unobtrusive within Ottawa, giving it more of the character of a private home.
Along with Rideau Hall, the
In addition to the federal residences, most provinces maintain a place for the Canadian monarch and their provincial viceroys and lieutenant governors. There is no government house for the lieutenant governors of Ontario (repurposed in 1937 and demolished in 1961), Quebec (destroyed by fire in 1966), or Alberta (closed in 1938 and repurchased and repurposed in 1964).
Mexico
The capital of Mexico, Mexico City, is traditionally nicknamed the "City of Palaces"; a nickname usually attributed to Alexander von Humboldt after he visited the city in the late 18th century and early 19th century, but initially coined by Charles Latrobe, an English traveler who visited Mexico City in 1834 and "got the feeling of living a dream[7]".
In Central Mexico, the
In the
The
Also in Mexico City is the Castillo de Chapultepec, or
United States
Palaces in the United States include the
Examples include:
There are many private buildings or mansions in the United States, which, though not called "palaces", have the grandeur typical of a palace, and have been used as residences. Hearst Castle and the Biltmore Estate are examples.
Uruguay
The
Venezuela
The Palacio de Miraflores is the setting for the offices of the president of the country.
Africa
Ethiopia
Located in Addis Ababa, the
Nigeria
The Palace of the Olowo, ruler of the Yoruba Owo clan of Nigeria, is acknowledged to be the largest palace in all of Africa. It consists of more than 100 courtyards, each with a unique traditional usage.
In the Kano State of Nigeria, the Gidan Rumfa acts as the seat of the Emir of Kano since the late 15th century when it was constructed.
In Benin City, the capital of the Edo State, lies the current Royal Palace of the Oba of Benin. It currently houses the Oba of Benin, who is the traditional ruler of the Edo people, alongside some other royals. The current palace is a reconstruction by Eweka II after the original was destroyed in 1897 by the British.
Rwanda
Rwanda is host to three palaces, although one of them is currently repurposed. In Nyanza, the former royal capital of the Kingdom of Rwanda, are two existing palaces. The first, the traditional King's Palace, is constructed in the vernacular style and housed the traditional ruler of Rwanda, the Mwami. A second palace for the king exists in Nyanza, although it is constructed in the Art Deco style as opposed to the local construction style. A third palace, the Rwesero Palace, was originally constructed for Mutara III, but he died before its completion, and the building was converted into the Rwesero Art Museum.
Uganda
The Kabakas Palace belonged to the Kingdom of Buganda and is a known landmark of the present capital Kampala.[9]
Asia
Afghanistan
Afghanistan's capital Kabul is well known for its sheer number of palaces.[10] Many had been built in the 19th century but perhaps the most famous is the Darul Aman Palace. Many palaces were damaged by the civil war, including Darul Aman, but others have survived or have been rebuilt.
Armenia
During the
After the fall of the Arsacids, Armenia was ruled by a succession of aristocratic families who held the title
The medieval capital of the
After the Bagratid state was conquered by the
During the various periods of
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan has a number of palaces which belong to different ages. For example, there are palaces from the BC era and from the 12th century, like the "Goyalp" Palace of Eldiguzids Empire Atabeg[clarification needed]— located in Nakhchivan city and built in the 1130s.
The Palace of Happiness (Azerbaijani: Səadət Sarayı), currently also called Palace of Marriage Registrations and previously called Mukhtarov Palace, is a historic building in the center of Baku, Azerbaijan, built in Neo-Gothic style in the early 19th century.
The
These are located in various regions and capital of Azerbaijan – the palace of government:
- Residence of Zagulba (510s) is the world's oldest presidential house and full-time residence of the president of Azerbaijan in Baku.
- Bika Khanum Saray (1390–1394) Full-time residence of the president of Azerbaijan in Baku.
- Bullur Palace (1740) residence of the chairmen of the Supreme Majlis of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in Sharur District.
- Asena Palace (1804) Full-time residence of the president of Azerbaijan in Baku.
- Göy Saray (Blue) (1810s) Rest residence of the president of Azerbaijan in Baku
- Palace of White Horse (1933) was the old rest palace for members of Shamkir
- Government House (1936) is a government building palace housing various state ministries of Azerbaijan
- Administrational Palace(1970s)
- Gulustan Palace (1973) Full-time and feast residence of the president of Azerbaijan in Baku.
- Ghazan Khan Palace (2006) Residence of the president of Azerbaijan in Baku.
- Vahdat Presidential Summer Palace (2007) in Shamakhi
- Presidential Mountain Palace (2013) Rest residence of the president of Azerbaijan in Qabala
Brunei
Bangladesh
Most of the palaces in
China
A famed example of Chinese palaces is the Forbidden City, the imperial palace of the Chinese Empire from the Ming dynasty (since the Yongle Emperor) to the end of the Qing dynasty. Located in Beijing, it is the largest palace complex currently in existence in the world.[28][29][30] The palace complex exemplifies traditional Chinese palatial architecture.[31] Another example is the Summer Palace located in the northern suburb of Beijing and the Mukden Palace in Shenyang. The Presidential Palace in Nanjing and Imperial Palace of Manchukuo in Changchun display European architectural influences.
The Weiyang Palace built during the Han dynasty was the largest palace complex ever built in the world,[32] but it was destroyed during the Tang dynasty.
Chinese palaces are designed in regular square grids and arranged in a formal layout consisting of main buildings and a number of pavilions enclosed within walls. Unlike massive single-structured European palaces or castles, Chinese palaces are a multitude of complexes containing several larger and smaller structures with parks and courtyards.
India
India is home to many palaces and vast empires. Its history is full of numerous dynasties that have ruled over various parts of the country. While most monuments of the ancient period have been destroyed or lie in ruins, some medieval buildings have been maintained or restored to good condition. Several medieval forts and palaces still stand all over India. These are examples of the achievements of the architects and engineers of that age. The palaces of India offer an insight into the life of the royalty of the country. While some royal palaces have been maintained as museums or hotels over the last decades, some are still homes for the members of the erstwhile royal families. These forts and palaces are the largest illustrations and legacy of the princely states of India. They feature floats of flowers in grand fountains, shimmering blue water of magnificent baths and private pools, doric pillars, ornamental brackets, decorative staircases, and light streaming in through large windows. India possesses some of the most fascinating forts and palaces, a true royal retreat. It is not just a romantic longing for a royal experience, but also the search for the truly authentic Indian experience that brings thousands of heritage lovers to India's palaces.
Kolkata is known as the City of Palaces within the Indian context, referring to the numerous grand residential buildings that dotted the city from the end of the 18th century onwards, as it grew to become one of the largest cities of the British Raj.
Indonesia
In
Although Indonesia is now a republic, some of its parts and provinces still retain and preserve their traditional royal heritage, for example the Sultanate of
During the VOC and colonial era of the Dutch East Indies, the colonial government built several European stately palaces as the residence of the governor-general. Most of these European palaces have now become the state palace of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian state palaces are the neoclassic Merdeka Palace and Bogor Palace.[37]
Iran
The
Israel
The pre-Israelite Canaanite site of Tel Kabri, destroyed ca 1600 BCE, was built around a palace core. Though palace culture of ancient Israel and Judea can be inferred through the Hebrew Bible, no palace of Solomon or David has been securely identified. In Israel there are many ancient palaces like the Masada. In Roman Judaea palaces of the Herodian line of client-kings have been identified at several sites, including the main palace at Jerusalem and a winter palace at Herodium, in the Judean desert. Herod's palace at Caesarea Maritima preserved its palatial function as the official residence of the Roman procurators and governors of Judaea. There are other palaces in the Old City of Jerusalem, such as the Lady Tonsok Palace.
In Israel there are a number of magnificent buildings that are not considered "palaces", but they have the grandeur of a typical palace, and serve as residences, such as the House of Yehudayoff Hefetz, and the Sergei courtyard in Jerusalem.
Japan
Of the palaces in Japan, many are located in Tokyo, such as the Tokyo Imperial Palace, which houses Japan's royal family. The imperial palace was built on the site of Edo Castle.[38] Other Japanese palaces are located in Kyoto, the former capital of Japan. Most Japanese palaces are built in a "castle" style formation, as a large pagoda. This helps reinforce the palace from earthquakes.
Korea
Korea has used many palaces since ancient times, although many have been destroyed. Palaces were built within, but not limited to Seoul, Kaeseong, Pyeongyang, Gyeongju, and Buyeo, as well as in various cities located outside of modern Korea. Today, only
Lebanon
Palaces have existed in Lebanon since the time of the
During the Renaissance palaces were built in Lebanon, especially in the
Today in Lebanon there are at least ten buildings that can be classified as palaces, including the
Malaysia
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's official residences are the
Nepal
Singha Durbar (literally, Lion Palace) in Kathmandu is the official seat of government of Nepal.[40]
Narayanhiti Palace Museum was a residence and principal workplace of the reigning monarch of the Kingdom of Nepal. It was built by King Mahendra in 1961[41] under the design of Californian architect Benjamin Polk. After the 2006 revolution that overthrew the monarchy, this royal palace was turned into a public museum.
Older palaces include the Durbar Squares, which are enlisted as
Kathmandu Durbar Square (Basantapur Darbar Kshetra) in front of the old royal palace of the former Kathmandu Kingdom is one of three durbar (royal palace) squares in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Several buildings in the Square collapsed due to a major earthquake on 25 April 2015. Durbar Square was surrounded with spectacular architecture and vividly showcases the skills of the Newar artists and craftsmen over several centuries. The Royal Palace was originally at Dattaraya square and was later moved to Durbar square.
The Kathmandu Durbar Square held the palaces of the Malla and Shah kings who ruled over the city. Along with these palaces, the square surrounds quadrangles, revealing courtyards and temples. It is known as Hanuman Dhoka Durbar Square, a name derived from a statue of Hanuman, the monkey devotee of Lord Ram, at the entrance of the palace.
Bhaktapur Durbar Square is the plaza in front of the royal palace of the old Bhaktapur Kingdom. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Bhaktapur Durbar Square is located in the current town of Bhaktapur, also known as Bhadgaon, which lies 13 km east of Kathmandu. While the complex consists of at least four distinct squares (Durbar Square, Taumadhi Square, Dattatreya Square and Pottery Square), the whole area is informally known as the Bhakapur Durbar Square and is a highly visited site in the Kathmandu Valley. This palace consists of 55 windows so it is also known as '55 Windowed Palace'.
Patan Durbar Square is situated at the centre of the city of Lalitpur in Nepal. It is also one of the three durbar squares in the Kathmandu Valley, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. One of its attraction is the ancient royal palace where the Malla kings of Lalitpur resided.
The Durbar Square is a marvel of Newa architecture. The floor of the square is tiled with red bricks. There are many temples and idols in the area. The main temples are aligned opposite of the western face of the palace. The entrance of the
Philippines
In
The people in the southern part of Philippines built the same wooden palaces such as the langgal of the
During the Spanish era, the government of the Spanish East Indies built a succession of palaces in and around Manila for high colonial officials and religious authorities. The most famous of these is the 18th-century Malacañang Palace, which originally housed Spanish and American governors-general and, since the Commonwealth, the president of the Philippines.
Former president and strongman
Thailand
Turkey
The enormous
By the 19th century Topkapı was largely abandoned as a residence in favour of the new Dolmabahçe Palace and Yıldız Palace, as well as smaller Ottoman palaces in Istanbul, some summer retreats and the like. These were in essentially European architectural styles.
Vietnam
Europe
Belgium
The city of Bruges:
The Gruuthusemuseum is a museum of applied arts in Bruges, located in the medieval Gruuthuse, the Palace of Louis de Gruuthuse. The collection ranges from the 15th to the 19th century.
Presumably in the 13th century, a rich family from Bruges received the monopoly to levy taxes on gruit, and built a storage for it. The building was changed in the early fifteenth century by Jan IV van der Aa to a luxury house for his family, which subsequently changes its name to "Van Gruuthuse" ("From the Gruit house"). His son Louis de Gruuthuse adds a second wing to the house, and in 1472 a chapel. This connects the house to the adjacent Church of Our Lady, Bruges.[45]
The city of Mechelen houses several palaces:
"Hof van Kamerijk" or "Palace of Margaret of York", 15th-century building. Also called "Keizershof" (English; literally "Emperor's Court") because several royal children resided here and received education at this court, including Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria, King of Spain and Duke of Burgundy)
"Hof van Savoye" or "Palace of Margaret of Austria", early 16th-century building and one of the first Renaissance buildings in northern Europe.
The "Hof van Busleyden", early 16th-century Renaissance palace of
The city of Brussels has also several remaining and notable palaces: "The Royal Palace of Brussels", the official palace of the King and Queen of the Belgians, The Egmont palace, The Palace of Prince Charles Alexander Emanuel of Lorraine and Hotel Errera.
France
In France there has been a clear distinction between a château and a palais. The palace has always been urban, like the Palais de la Cité in Paris, which was the royal palace of France and is now the supreme court of justice of France, or the palace of the Popes at Avignon.
The château, by contrast, has always been in rural settings, supported by its
The hôtel particulier remains the term for an urban residence sited entre cour et jardin, behind a forecourt and opening onto a garden; when fronting directly on streets, they are maisons, "houses". Bishops always had a palais in the town of their diocese, an hôtel in other towns, though they might possess chateaux.
The usage is essentially the same in Italy, Spain and Portugal, as well as the former Austrian Empire. In Vienna, Austria, all large mansions belonging to aristocratic or very wealthy families were traditionally called palais, but this never applied to imperial palaces themselves which were called Burg within the city and Schloss when outside it. In Germany, the wider term was a relatively recent importation and was used rather more restrictively.
Germany
The German term for "palace" is Palast, which is used especially for large palatial complexes and gardens. Large country houses are typically called schloss (chateaux or castle in English).
Germany offers a variety of more than 25,000 castles and palaces and thousands of
Hungary
In
Ireland
In Ireland, the term "palace" (Irish: pailís) is rarely used. The main royal residence in Ireland, Dublin Castle, was never called a palace, nor is Hillsborough Castle, the main royal residence of Northern Ireland.
The word "palace" is largely restricted to large official dwellings for Church of Ireland bishops:
- Bishop's Palace at Achadh Úr (modern Freshford), home of the medieval Bishop of Freshford
- Braganza,
- Archbishop's Palace,
- Bishop's Palace, Cork, home of the Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross[50]
- The Palace, Cobh, former home of the Bishop of Cloyne[50]
- Palace of the Archbishop of Dublin at Saint Sepulchre's, former home of the Archbishop of Dublin[51][52]
- Bishop's Palace at Elphin, former home of the Bishop of Elphin[53][54]
- Bishop's Palace, Ennis, also called Westbourne, home of the Bishop of Killaloe.[55][56]
- Bishop's Palace of Kilkenny, a summer house for the
- Bishop's Palace, Killarney, former home of the Bishop of Ardfert and Aghadoe[59]
- Bishop's Palace, Kilmore, County Cavan, also called the "See House", home of the Bishop of Kilmore.[60][61]
- Bishop's Palace, Limerick, former home of the Bishop of Limerick[62][50]
- Church of Ireland Bishop's Palace, Raphoe
- Archbishop's Palace, Tuam, built in 1678 and burnt in 1691; Grove House now stands on the site.[63] Saint Jarlath's, built c. 1870, later served as archbishop's palace.[64]
- Bishop's Palace Waterford, formerly home of the Bishop of Waterford and Lismore[65]
- Archbishop's Palace, Armagh, formerly home of Archbishop of Armagh
There are also some Catholic bishops' palaces:
- Bishop's Palace, Ballina, County Mayo, home of the Catholic Bishop of Killala.[66]
- Bishop's Palace, Cork, on Redemption Road, home of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork and Ross.[67]
- Archbishop's Palace,
- Bishop's Palace, Longford, home of the Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise.[72][73]
- Roman Catholic Bishop's Palace, Roman Catholic Bishop of Meath[74]
- Roman Catholic Bishop's Palace, Raphoe[75][76]
- Archbishop's Palace,
Italy
In Italy, any urban building built as a grand residence is a palazzo; these are often no larger than a Victorian
Bishop's townhouses were always palazzi, and the seat of a localized regime would also be so called. Many former capitals display a Ducal Palace, the seat of the local duke or lord. In Florence (just as for other strong communal governments), the seat of government was known as Palazzo della Signoria. When the Medici were made Grand Dukes of Tuscany, however, the centre of power shifted to their new residence in Palazzo Pitti, and the old centre of power began to be referred to as the Palazzo Vecchio.
Shops on the ground floor and flats at the top of a modern palazzo are not at all incongruous: historically, the ground floors of even a great family's palazzo could be trade and domestic offices often open to servants, tradesmen, customers and the public, while the smartest and most prestigious floor (known as the piano nobile) was kept for the family along with the upper floors and apartments, all of which were considered cleaner and safer than those on the ground floor. There were (and are) often separate, sometimes external, stairs to the humblest attic rooms and roofs used by the staff.
The most important royal palazzi in Italy are those in
Malta
Until the sixteenth century,
When the Order began to build a new capital
The Archbishop of Malta has a palace in Mdina. The inquisitor also had a palace in Birgu and another in Girgenti until the abolition of the inquisition in 1798. The nobility, upper classes and individual knights of the Order built a number of private palaces, especially in Valletta, but also in the countryside. There are other palaces built by the nobility, such as, most notably Palazzo Parisio in Valletta and Palazzo Dragonara in St Julians.
Poland
The former Kingdom of Poland, known as the
At present, Poland possesses hundreds of varied-style palaces and residences designed by architects from all over the world. Some best examples are
Portugal
Due to its relatively small geography, most of
Romania
Palaces in
Other palaces include the Crețulescu Palace in Bucharest, built for the Crețulescu family, and Peles palace, built by King Carol I of Romania as a royal residence.
The Palace of the Parliament (Casa Poporului) from Bucharest and the Palace of Culture in Iași (Palatul Culturii) are large government buildings, both purpose-built solely for government and public use.
Russia
The first palaces in Russia were built about a thousand years ago for the Grand Dukes of Kiev. These are not preserved, having been destroyed. Classical palaces were built during the reign of Tsar
- the Winter Palace (1732–1917) in Saint Petersburg, was the official residence of the Russian monarchs
- the Mariinsky Palace (1710–1727) in Saint Petersburg
- the Moscow Kremlin in Moscow
- the Peterhof Palace (1709–1755) in Petergof
- the Catherine Palace (1857–1862) in Tsarskoye Selo
- the Gatchina Palace (1766–1781) in Gatchina
-
The Peterhof Palace (1709–1755) in Petergof
-
The Winter Palace, from Palace Square
-
The Winter Palace, from Palace Embankment
The three Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway and Sweden all have long monarchic histories and possess several palaces. In Denmark Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen was built as a royal palace, but is now only used for royal receptions; Amalienborg Palace has been the Danish royal residence since 1794. In Norway the Royal Palace in Oslo has been used as the royal residence since 1849. In Sweden the large Stockholm Palace was built in 1760, and remains the official royal residence, but at the current time is only used for official purposes while the Swedish royal family resides in the more modest Drottningholm Palace.
Serbia
The two dynasties of post-Ottoman Serbia,
Spain
With over a thousand years of monarchic history, Spain has many palaces of its own that were built for different monarchs or nobles. Among these palaces is the Royal Palace of Madrid, also referred to as the Palacio Real. The palace is the largest palace in Europe with over 2,800 rooms but at the current time[when?] is of use for only governmental business while the royal family resides in the smaller Palacio de la Zarzuela.
In addition to the Royal Palace of Madrid, Alcázar of Seville (which mixes, with the delicate Moorish filigree, European Christian architectural styles), the Alhambra, the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial and the Royal Palace of Aranjuez, fine baroque palace is surrounded by gardens. Currently,[when?] the royal family and prime minister live in the more modest Palace of Zarzuela and Palace of Moncloa, respectively.
United Kingdom
Although many
Blenheim Palace was built, on a different site, in the grounds of the disused royal Palace of Woodstock, and the name was also part of the extraordinary honour when the house was given by a grateful nation to a great general, the Duke of Marlborough. Along with several royal and episcopal palaces in the countryside, Blenheim does demonstrate that "palace" has no specific urban connotation in English. On the use of the term "palace" in the UK, Buckingham Palace was known as Buckingham House before it was acquired by the monarchy.
Other
In continental Europe royal and episcopal palaces were not merely residences; the clerks who administered the realm or the diocese laboured there as well. (To this day many bishops' palaces house both their family apartments and their official offices.) However, unlike the "Palais du Justice" which is often encountered in the French-speaking world, modern British public administration buildings are never called "palaces"; although the formal name for the "Houses of Parliament" is the Palace of Westminster, this reflects Westminster's former role as a royal residence and centre of administration.
In more recent years, the word has been used in a more informal sense for other large, impressive buildings, such as
The largest in the world is the[81] Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, Romania. Built during the socialist regime, no effort or expense was spared to raise this colossal neo-classic building.
See also
- Archbishop's Palace (disambiguation)
- Castle
- Great house
- Imperial castle (Reichsburg)
- Königspfalz)
- List of palaces
- Manor house
- Official residence
- Palas
- Palatine Hill
- Real estate
- World's largest palace
References
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- ^ "Erebuni | ancient palace-fortress, Armenia". Encyclopedia Britannica.
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The last monument, which he excavated, was the palace complex of Yervandashat
- ^ "Tigranocerta". World History Encyclopedia.
There were also many amenities including a Greek theatre, a palace built in the Persian style outside the city walls
- ^ James Blake Wiener. "Temple of Garni". World History Encyclopedia.
There remains considerable academic debate as to whether Garni functioned as a summer palace as well in Late Antiquity.
- ^ "Aruch 3: Palace-Mamikonian Palace". Ministry of Culture of Armenia.
- ^ "THE PALACE OF THE CITADEL". virtualani.org.
- ^ "Archaeological Site of Ani-UNESCO". whc.unesco.org.
- ^ "The Merchant's Palace". virtualani.org.
- ^ "The Empire the World Forgot". bbc.com.
The original purpose of the mosque of Manuchihr is debated on both the Turkish and Armenian sides. Some contend that the building once served as a palace for the Armenian Bagratid dynasty and was only later converted into a mosque.
- ^ "Armenian Architecture". University of Chile.
Towards the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century, two Armenian generals, Zakare and Ivan Zakarian, led Armenian and Georgian troops in liberating Northern Armenia including Shirak and Airarat. Under the new conditions, the economy prospered, and business activities, both domestic and foreign, stimulated the construction of roads, bridges, caravansaries, hostelries, palaces and various other religious and secular buildings.
- ^ "U.S.-Funded Dashtadem Cultural Preservation Project Complete". am.usembassy.gov. 30 April 2019.
- ^ Artak Ghulyan. "Castles (Palaces) Of Meliks Of Artsakh And Siunik". Archived from the original on 13 April 2021.
The melikal palaces have mainly been the defence point, the special citadel of the residence-center, and they have also been called fortresses for this reason (Kashatagh, Kaghakategh, Mokhratagh, Horekavan, Gulatagh, Shushi).
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