Duttaphrynus himalayanus

Himalayan toad
	Pair in amplexus (Munsiari, Uttaranchal, India)
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Duttaphrynus
Species:	D. himalayanus
Binomial name
	Duttaphrynus himalayanus; (Günther, 1864)
Synonyms
	Bufo melanostictus var. himalayanus Günther, 1864; Bufo himalayanus Günther, 1864; Bufo abatus Ahl, 1925; Bufo cyphosus Ye, 1977; Duttaphrynus cyphosus (Ye, 1977)

Duttaphrynus himalayanus, also known as the Himalaya toad, Himalayan toad, Himalayan broad-skulled toad, and Günther's high altitude toad (among others), is a species of

Yunnanese populations are sometimes considered a separate species, Duttaphrynus cyphosus.^[1]^[2]

Description

The crown is deeply concave, with low, blunt supraorbital ridges. The snout is short and blunt, the interorbital space is broader than the upper eyelid, and the tympanum is very small and rather indistinct. The first finger does not extend beyond the second, the toes are half or two-thirds webbed, with single subarticular tubercles, two moderate metatarsal tubercles, and no tarsal fold. The tarsometatarsal articulation reaches the anterior border of the eye or the tip of the snout. Upper parts have irregular, distinctly porous warts, the parotoids are very prominent, large, and elongated, at least as long as the head. They are uniform brown in color. Males do not have vocal sacs.^[3]

From snout to vent, they measure 130 mm (5 in).

Distribution and habitat

This species is found from

above sea level. It inhabits mountain forests and shrubland near streams, and also is found in the vicinity of seepages and fields. This high-altitude species can also occur in the evergreen forests of the foothills.It is largely a terrestrial toad. Breeding takes place in hill streams, small pools, and puddles.^[1]

References

^
doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54662A11170049.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
)

^
doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001
. Retrieved 24 August 2020.

^ Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia

[iucn_status_20_November_2021-1] 
doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54662A11170049.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
)

[Frost-2] 
doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001
. Retrieved 24 August 2020.

[3] Boulenger, G. A. (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia

[1]

[2]

[3]