Eagle's minimal essential medium
This article is missing information about different salts (Hanks, Earle), actual composition.(November 2018) |
Minimal essential medium (MEM) is a synthetic
Many variations of this medium have been developed, mostly adding additional vitamins, amino acids, and/or other nutrients.[2]
Eagle developed his earlier "Basal Medium Eagle" (BME) in 1955–1957 on mouse
DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) was originally suggested as Eagle's medium with a 'fourfold concentration of amino acids and vitamins' by Renato Dulbecco and G. Freeman published in 1959.[5] The commercial versions of this medium have additional modifications, see an example in the table below.[6]
α-MEM (minimal essential medium Eagle – alpha modification) is a medium based on MEM published in 1971 by Clifford P. Stanners and colleagues.[7] It contains more non-essential amino acids, sodium pyruvate, and vitamins (ascorbic acid (vitamin C), biotin, and cyanocobalamin) compared with MEM. It can also come with lipoic acid and nucleosides.[8][9]
Glasgow's MEM (Glasgow minimal essential medium) is yet another modification, prepared by Ian MacPherson and Michael Stoker.[10]
Composition
One liter of each medium contains (in milligrams):
Medium | BME[11] | MEM[12] | α-MEMa[13] | DMEM[6] |
Glycine | 50 | 30 | ||
L-alanine | 25 | |||
L-arginine hydrochloride | 21 | 126 | 126 | 84 |
L-asparagine-H2O | 50 | |||
L-aspartic acid | 30 | |||
L-cysteine hydrochloride-H2O | 100 | |||
L-cystine 2HCl | 16 | 31 | 31 | 63 |
L-glutamic acid | 75 | |||
L-glutamine | 292 | 292 | 292 | 584 |
L-histidine | 8 | 31 | 42 | |
L-histidine hydrochloride-H2O | 42 | 42 | ||
L-isoleucine | 26 | 52 | 52 | 105 |
L-leucine | 26 | 52 | 52 | 105 |
L-lysine hydrochloride | 36.47 | 73 | 73 | 146 |
L-methionine | 7.5 | 15 | 15 | 30 |
L-phenylalanine | 16.5 | 32 | 32 | 66 |
L-proline | 40 | |||
L-serine | 25 | 42 | ||
L-threonine | 24 | 48 | 48 | 95 |
L-tryptophan | 4 | 10 | 10 | 16 |
L-tyrosine disodium salt dihydrate | 26 | 52 | 52 | 104 |
L-valine | 23.5 | 46 | 46 | 94 |
Ascorbic acid | 50 | |||
Biotin | 1 | 0.1 | ||
Choline chloride | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
D-calcium pantothenate | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Folic acid | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Niacinamide | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Pyridoxal hydrochloride | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Riboflavin | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
Thiamine hydrochloride | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Vitamin B12 | 1.36 | |||
i-Inositol | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7.2 |
Calcium chloride (CaCl2, anhyd.) | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Ferric nitrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) | 0.1 | |||
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4, anhyd.) | 97.67 | 97.67 | 97.67 | 97.67 |
Potassium chloride (KCl) | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) | 2200 | 2200 | 2200 | 3700 |
Sodium chloride (NaCl) | 6800 | 6800 | 6800 | 6400 |
Sodium phosphate monobasic (NaH2PO4-H2O) | 140 | 140 | 140 | 125 |
D-Glucose (dextrose) | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
Lipoic acid | 0.2 | |||
Phenol red | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
Sodium pyruvate | 110 | 110 |
See also
- RPMI 1640 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium), for lymph cells
References
- ^ PMID 13675766.
- PMID 29259457.
- PMID 14381421.
- PMID 14392239.
- PMID 13669362.
- ^ a b "11885 - DMEM, low glucose, pyruvate (Formulation)". Thermo Fisher Scientific. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
- PMID 5279808.
- ^ "α-MEM" (PDF). ITW reagents.
- ^ "Alpha MEM with Nucleosides". Stem Cell Tech.
- ^ "Glasgow's Modified Eagle's Medium 51492C". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ^ "Basal Medium Eagle (BME)". Thermofisher.
- ^ "MEM". Thermofisher.
- ^ "MEM α, no nucleosides". Thermofisher.