Early camps
The early camps were extrajudicial sites of detention established in Nazi Germany in 1933. Although the system was mostly dismantled by the end of the year, these camps were the precursor of the Nazi concentration camps.
On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler became chancellor after striking a backroom deal with the previous chancellor, Franz von Papen.[1] According to historian Nikolaus Wachsmann, the Nazis had no plan for concentration camps prior to their seizure of power.[2] The concentration camp system arose in the following months due to the desire to suppress tens of thousands of Nazi opponents in Germany. The Reichstag fire in February 1933 was the pretext for mass arrests; the Reichstag Fire Decree eliminated the right to personal freedom enshrined in the Weimar Constitution.[1][3] The first camp was Nohra, established in Nohra, Thuringia on 3 March 1933 in a school.[4] The arrests increased after the election of 5 March.[1]
The legal basis for the arrests was the previous practice of "
The number of prisoners in 1933–1934 is difficult to determine;
References
- ^ a b c d White 2009, p. 3.
- ^ Wachsmann 2009, p. 19.
- ^ a b c d e Buggeln 2015, p. 334.
- ^ a b c d e White 2009, p. 5.
- ^ Fings 2009, pp. 110–111.
- ^ White 2009, p. 8.
- ^ White 2009, p. 9.
- ^ a b Wachsmann 2009, p. 20.
- ^ a b c Orth 2009a, p. 183.
Sources
- Buggeln, Marc (2015). "Forced Labour in Nazi Concentration Camps". Global Convict Labour. Brill. pp. 333–360. ISBN 978-90-04-28501-9.
- Fings, Karola (2009). "The public face of the camps". Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany: The New Histories. Routledge. pp. 108–126. ISBN 978-1-135-26322-5.
- ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3.
- ISBN 978-1-135-26322-5.
- White, Joseph Robert (2009). "Introduction to the Early Camps". Early Camps, Youth Camps, and Concentration Camps and Subcamps under the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA). ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3.
Further reading
- Wachsmann, Nikolaus; Steinbacher, Sybille (2014). Die Linke im Visier: Zur Errichtung der Konzentrationslager 1933 (in German). Wallstein Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8353-2630-9.
- Hörath, Julia (2017). »Asoziale« und »Berufsverbrecher« in den Konzentrationslagern 1933 bis 1938 (in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-647-37042-2.
- Drobisch, Klaus; Wieland, Günther (1993). System der NS-Konzentrationslager: 1933-1939 (in German). Akademie Verlag. ISBN 978-3-05-000823-3.