Eastern Okraina
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Eastern Okraina Российская Восточная Окраина | |||||||||
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1920 | |||||||||
Capital | Chita | ||||||||
Common languages | Russian | ||||||||
Government | Provisional government | ||||||||
• 1920 | Grigory Mikhaylovich Semyonov | ||||||||
Historical era | Russian Civil War | ||||||||
• Established | January 16 1920 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | October 28 | ||||||||
ISO 3166 code | RU | ||||||||
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The Russian Eastern Okraina (Russian: Российская Восточная Окраина) was a local government that existed in the Russian Far East region in 1920 during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923.
History
In 1919,
Based on this order, on 16 January 1920, Grigory Semyonov announced in Chita the creation of the "Government of the Russian Eastern Outskirts", with Sergey Taskin as its head. Semyonov's actions were supported by the commanders of Japanese troops in Siberia.
On 6 April 1920, a hastily convened Constituent Assembly gathered at
On July 3, 1920, Japan issued a proclamation about evacuating Japanese troops from Siberia. Semyonov understood that he could not survive without Japanese support. He asked the Japanese government to delay the evacuation for four months, and tried to negotiate a merger with the Government of Zemstvo of Maritime Territory, but unsuccessfully.
The Gongota negotiations resumed on July 10, 1920, and on July 17 the FER representatives and Japanese military officials in Siberia signed the Gongota Agreement. The agreed terms provided for Japanese evacuation from the Transbaikal and the establishment of a neutral border zone between the territories of the parties. The Whites understood that they could not stop the Reds without Japanese support, and began to retreat to the southeast, preparing to retreat into Chinese territory. Only small White military forces still held Chita, blocking the Trans-Siberia Railway.
In September 1920, a Provisional Eastern-Transbaikal Assembly was organized under Semyonov's auspices, and Semyonov transferred his civil powers to it. At the same time military forces of the FER, masked as independent groups of partisans, began to move through the neutral zone towards Chita; on September 15, an assembly of workers of the Eastern Transbaikal Region in Nerchinsk proclaimed the creation of a Regional Revolution committee for the eastern Transbaikal. On October 15, Japanese troops left Chita, and the Reds demanded the capitulation of the Whites' garrison there. The Whites declined, and on October 19 the Reds began to advance on Chita, which they captured on October 22. On October 25 the government of the FER moved from Verkhneudinsk to Chita. At the end of October, the Provisional Eastern-Transbaikal Assembly, during a joint session with the Nerchinsk Regional Revolution Committee, declared its own dissolution, and three Far Eastern pro-Soviet governments joined in the united FER. The Eastern Okraina, left without territory, collapsed, and Semyonov and his remaining troops went into exile in Chinese territory.