Edible algae vaccine
Edible algae based vaccination is a
freeze-dried and administered orally.[1] While spirulina is accepted as safe to consume,[2] edible algal vaccines remain under basic research with unconfirmed safety and efficacy as of 2018.[3]
In 2003, the first documented algal-based vaccine antigen was reported, consisting of a
mucosal surfaces in mice. The vaccine was grown in C. reinhardtii algae and provided oral vaccination in mice, but was hindered by low vaccine antigen expression levels.[4]
Proteins expressed inside the
posttranslational modification. Glycosylation of proteins that are not naturally modified like the malaria vaccine candidate pfs25 can occur in common expression systems like yeast.[5]
Notes
References
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2002) GRAS Notification for Spirulina Microalgae
- Specht, Elizabeth A.; Mayfield, Stephen P. (2014). "Algae-based oral recombinant vaccines". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 60. PMID 24596570.
- Rasala, Beth A.; Muto, Machiko; Lee, Philip A.; Jager, Michal; Cardoso, Rosa M.F.; Behnke, Craig A.; Kirk, Peter; Hokanson, Craig A.; Crea, Roberto; Mendez, Michael; Mayfield, Stephen P. (2010). "Production of therapeutic proteins in algae, analysis of expression of seven human proteins in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii". Plant Biotechnology Journal. 8 (6): 719–733. PMID 20230484.
- Shimp, Richard L.; Rowe, Christopher; Reiter, Karine; Chen, Beth; Nguyen, Vu; Aebig, Joan; Rausch, Kelly M.; Kumar, Krishan; Wu, Yimin; Jin, Albert J.; Jones, David S.; Narum, David L. (2013). "Development of a Pfs25-EPA malaria transmission blocking vaccine as a chemically conjugated nanoparticle". Vaccine. 31 (28): 2954–2962. PMID 23623858.
- Gregory, James A.; Li, Fengwu; Tomosada, Lauren M.; Cox, Chesa J.; Topol, Aaron B.; Vinetz, Joseph M.; Mayfield, Stephen; Hviid, Lars (2012). "Algae-Produced Pfs25 Elicits Antibodies That Inhibit Malaria Transmission". PLOS ONE. 7 (5): e37179. PMID 22615931.