Eluanbi Lighthouse
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| Location | Eluanbi Village Hengchun Pingtung County Taiwan |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 21°54′08″N 120°51′09″E / 21.902282°N 120.852622°E |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1883[1] |
| Foundation | concrete and granite |
| Construction | cast iron tower[2] |
| Height | 21.4 m (70 ft)[1] |
| Shape | cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern on one-story keeper's house and visitor building[2] |
| Markings | white tower, black lantern dome[2] |
| Operator | Maritime and Port Bureau[1] |
| Light | |
| Focal height | 56.4 m (185 ft)[1] |
| Lens | Fourth order fresnel |
| Intensity | 1,800,000 candela |
| Range | 27.2 nmi (50.4 km; 31.3 mi)[1] |
| Characteristic | Fl W 10s.[2] |
| Eluanbi Lighthouse | |
|---|---|
| Chinese name | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Éluánbí Dēngtǎ |
| Wade–Giles | O-luan-pi Têng-t’a |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | Gô-lôan-phīⁿ Teng-thah |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Romanization | Garanbi Tōdai |
Eluanbi Lighthouse is a
main island of Taiwan, which separates Taiwan's South Bay from Banana Bay and the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea from the Philippine Sea. It is near Eluan Village in the township of Hengchun in Pingtung County, Taiwan
. The lighthouse is open to the public all year around.
Names
The lighthouse is named after nearby
pronunciation.Eluanbi Lighthouse is also known as "The Light of East Asia" because its light is the most intense of those on Taiwan.[1]
History
Qing Empire
Qing Dynasty explicitly disavowed responsibility for native-held areas on Taiwan Island, creating a power vacuum that threatened Japanese or European colonization of the region. Following the advice of Charles Le Gendre,[4] the American consul at Xiamen (then known as "Amoy"), the Viceroy of Liangjiang, Shen Baozhen, began constructing coastal defenses to improve the situation.[5][3]
Construction of the Eluanbi Lighthouse fell under the purview of the
Construction began in 1881.
lightkeeper until 1889.[10] He maintained close relations with the Paiwan and even became proficient in their language, but was also protected by 16 Chinese soldiers under a German officer.[10] Their arsenal included two 18-pounder cannons, two Gatling guns, and a Cohon mortar;[8] and they maintained food and water provisions capable of lasting a three-month siege.[10] The station also kept a team of laborers and kitchen staff on site.[10]
The first tower was 15 m (50 ft) high and
bulletproof corridors to the 4 m2 (40 sq ft) fort; they stayed in quarters inside the tower during assaults.[8] The Chinese staff lived in the fort at all times and maintained its kitchen, armory, storerooms, and underground cisterns.[8]
The garrison was later reduced to eight men.[8]
Imperial Japan
During the
Japan control of the island, colonial officials first repaired the lighthouse in 1898 and then installed a stronger light in 1910.[7]
During
bombing
.
Republic of China
The lighthouse was rebuilt by the Republic of China in 1947.[7] It was refurbished with a powerful Fresnel lens in 1962.[1] The surrounding Eluanbi Park opened to the public on 25 December 1982[11] and the lighthouse itself welcomed regular visitors ten years later.[1]
On the memorial to Eluanbi Lighthouse as one of the
8 Views of Taiwan, the Chinese "Eluanbi" is sculpted into the surface in Wang Xizhi's calligraphic style
.
Transportation
The lighthouse is accessible from Provincial Highway 26.
Gallery
-
Eluanbi c. 1934 -
Eluanbi on a 1939Japanese stamp -
Side view (2010) -
Sunrise on Cape Eluanbi (2016) -
The view from Eluanbi (2017) -
Sunset at Eluanbi (2017)
See also
References
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j MPB (2019).
- ^ a b c d e f Rowlett (2007).
- ^ a b Eskildsen (2019), p. 38.
- ^ a b c d Wang & al. (2016).
- ^ a b c Alsford (2018), pp. 67–8
- ^ Harding, John Reginald (1901). "A brief description of the erection of a first order light-house on the South Cape of Formosa". Transactions of the Shanghai Society of Engineers and Architects. Reed Digital Collections: 49–74. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e 鹅銮鼻灯塔, WSHNT, KUAS. (in Chinese)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dudbridge (1999), pp. 12–13.
- ^ Dudbridge (1999), p. 3.
- ^ a b c d Keller.
- ^ KNP (2019).
Bibliography
- 鵝鑾鼻公園, Official site, Kending: Kenting National Park Headquarters, 2019, archived from the original on 2008-12-10, retrieved 2021-05-21. (in Chinese)
- "Eluan Pi Lighthouse", Official website, Taipei: Maritime and Port Bureau, 2019, archived from the original on 2019-04-11, retrieved 2019-03-16.
- ISBN 9781315279190.
- Dudbridge, Glen, ed. (1999), "George Taylor and the Peoples of the South Cape", Aborigines of South Taiwan in the 1880s, Monograph No. 2, Taipei: Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines.
- Eskildsen, Robert (2019), Transforming Empire in Japan and East Asia: The Taiwan Expedition and the Birth of Japanese Imperialism, Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 9789811334801.
- Harding, John Reginald (1901). "A brief description of the erection of a first order light-house on the South Cape of Formosa". Transactions of the Shanghai Society of Engineers and Architects. Reed Digital Collection: 49–74.
- Keller, Ian, "George Taylor", 19th-Century European & North American Encounters with Taiwan: A Bibliography of Texts Input, Portland: Reed College.
- Rowlett, Russ (2007). "Lighthouses of Taiwan: Southeastern". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
- Wang Shuhui; et al. (May 2016), 清末恆春地區涉外事件與鵝鑾鼻燈塔興建之關係（1867－1883）, 《美和學報》, vol. 35, Neipu: Meiho University, pp. 29–46. (in Chinese)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eluanbi Lighthouse.
- Eluanbi Lighthouse-Directorate General of Customs(Taiwan) Archived 2012-08-03 at the Wayback Machine (in English and Chinese)
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