Emanuel Ringelblum
Emanuel Ringelblum (November 21, 1900 – March 10 (most likely), 1944) was a
Before the war
He was born in
Pre-war activities
Prior to World War II, Ringelblum took part in many organizations that helped to shape his passion for Jewish history, as well as his activity during the war. Ringelblum was a member of
World War II
During the war, Ringelblum and his family were resettled to the
He was also one of the most active members of Żydowska Samopomoc Społeczna (Polish for Jewish Social Aid), an organisation established to help the starving people of the Warsaw Ghetto. On the eve of the ghetto's destruction in the spring of 1943, when all seemed lost, the archive was placed in three milk cans and metal boxes. Parts were buried in the cellars of Warsaw buildings.
Shortly before the
Ringelblum archives
The fate of Ringelblum's archives is only partially known. In September 1946, ten clay-covered tin boxes were found in the ruins of Warsaw.[1] Although they were damaged by water, the contents of the boxes were able to be salvaged by conservators. In December 1950, two additional milk cans were found in a cellar of a ruined house at 68 Nowolipki Street.[9] The second archive was not only found in much better condition than the first, but also contained a larger variety of artifacts.[1] Among them were copies of several underground newspapers, a narrative of deportations from the Warsaw Ghetto, and public notices by the Judenrat (the council of Jewish leaders), but also documents of ordinary life, concert invitations, milk coupons, and chocolate wrappers. The archival treasure provides insight on the daily lives, struggles, and sufferings of Polish Jews living in a pivotal area during the Holocaust.[10]
Despite repeated searches, the rest of the archive, including the third milk can, has yet to be found. It is rumoured to be located beneath what is now the Chinese Embassy in Warsaw.[3]
The Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw is named for him.
Published works
- Polish-Jewish Relations during the Second World War (1974)
References
- ^ Kassow, Samuel D. "Ringelblum, Emanuel". www.yivoencyclopedia.org. YIVO. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
- Kassow, Samuel D. "Po'ale Tsiyon". www.yivoencyclopedia.org. YIVO. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
- ^ a b c d "The "Oneg Shabbat" Archives: "Let the world read and know"". www.yadvashem.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- ISBN 978-0253000033.
- ^ "In Memoriam - Emanuel Ringelblum - JDC Archives". archives.jdc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- ^ "In Memoriam: Emanuel Ringelblum | JDC Archives".
- ISBN 9781780764771.
- ISBN 978-0-415-28145-4.
- ^ Bergman, Eleonora. "Discovering second part of Archive - Jewish Historical Institute". www.jhi.pl. Archived from the original on 2018-03-25. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
- ^ "The Warsaw Ghetto Oyneg Shabes–Ringelblum Archive". Indiana University Press. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
Bibliography
- "American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee." In Memoriam - Emanuel Ringelblum - JDC Archives.
- Mark Celinscak, A Procession of Shadows: Examining Warsaw Ghetto Testimony. New School Psychology Bulletin. Volume 6, Number 2 (2009): 38–50.
- Samuel D. Kassow, Who Will Write Our History? Emanuel Ringelblum, the Warsaw Ghetto, and the Oyneg Shabes Archive, Bloomington & Indianapolis 2007.
- Samuel D. Kassow, “Emanuel Ringelblum and Jewish Society”, Michael, Institute of Diaspora Studies, Tel Aviv University, 2004
- Sarah Traister Moskovitz, Poetry In Hell: The complete collection of poems from the Ringelblum Archives in the original Yiddish with English translations. Web. July 2010.
- Shapiro, Robert Moses, Tadeusz Epsztein, and Samuel D. Kassow. "The Warsaw Ghetto Oyneg Shabes–Ringelblum Archive." Indiana University Press.
External links
- Ringelblum's Archives in the State Archives of Poland Archived 2010-05-23 at the Wayback Machine
- Ringelblum's Biography
- Ringelblum in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register
- Ringelblum's Milk Can
- "Time Capsule in a Milk Can" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-11-17. (791 KB)
- An online exhibition about the Ringelblum archive, by Yad Vashem
- Lecture on Emanuel Ringelblum by Dr. Henry Abramson
- Short Video Documentary on Emanuel Ringelblum: The Oyneg Shabes Underground Archive in the Warsaw Ghetto