Emil Haury
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Emil Walter Haury | |
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Awards | Viking Fund Medal (1950) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | archaeology |
Institutions | University of Arizona |
Doctoral students | Vance Haynes |
Emil Walter "Doc" Haury (May 2, 1904 in Newton, Kansas – December 5, 1992 in Tucson, Arizona) was an American archaeologist who specialized in the archaeology of the American Southwest. He is most famous for his work at
.Early years
Emil was the youngest of four children born to Professor Gustav A. Haury and Clara K. Ruth Haury. Gustav was a professor at
College career
After graduating high school in 1923, Emil then attended the
Field work and experience
One of the first field experiences came in 1925. That year he was apprenticed to
Gila Pueblo
In 1928 the
With the assistance and support from Gladwin, Haury was able to conduct large amounts of field research and publish reports. The 1930s was a time of plenty for Haury and when some of his most famous research was conducted. Some of the excavations he conducted included the
Between his extensive work with Gila Pueblo, Haury also managed to earn his PhD from Harvard. His dissertation dealt with the excavations by Frank Hamilton Cushing at Los Muertos, a Hohokam site in Arizona.
Paleoindians in the Southwest
One of Haury's passions that lasted throughout his career was the presence of
Ventana Cave
During the late 1930s and early 1940s excavations, led by Julian Hayden and Haury, were conducted in the area of
Naco site
In April 1952, Haury excavated the
Lehner Ranch
The
Hohokam
Haury's work with the Hohokam began in 1930 when he joined Gila Pueblo. There were many questions surrounding discoveries in southern Arizona beginning with
Roosevelt 9:6
The Roosevelt 9:6 site was a Colonial Period Hohokam site near the Salt River north of Globe, Arizona. The site came to the attention of archaeologists when pottery sherds and cremations were exposed by the recession of Roosevelt Lake. Working for Gila Pueblo alongside the Gladwins, Haury published an extensive and detailed report of the findings. This report along with those published by the Gladwins, were important in the establishment of ceramic typologies, burial techniques, and lifeways of the Hohokam.
Snaketown
By the 1960s there was a lot of controversy surrounding the Hohokam and where they fit or didn't fit chronologically. Haury decided then to re-visit a site where Gladwin had first conducted research in the 1930s. Snaketown was the epitomes Hohokam site. It was strategically placed in the proximity of the Gila River which then allowed for its famous irrigation system. Haury's re-examination of Snaketown was based around the hope that with the use of new technology, new research methods and ideas surrounding the Hohokam, that questions which had arisen since the first reports on Snaketown in the 1930s. In 1964 Haury began his reexamination which led to the publication in 1976 of one of the most influential works on the Hohokam, The Hohokam, Desert Farmers & Craftsmen: Excavations at Snaketown, 1964–1965.
Mogollon
Arguably Haury's most important contribution to the archaeology of the American Southwest was his work in establishing a timeline and refining the definition of the Mogollon culture. Much of Haury's work was conducted in the most famous Mogollon area, the
Chronology
Haury's research in the area allowed him to be one of the first archaeologists to definitively give the Mogollon a chronological sequence. The sequences Haury established were: Early Pit House Period (200–550 C.E), Late Pit House Period (550–1000 C.E.), and Classic Mimbres Period (1000–1130 C.E.). Haury's research and findings were paramount when establishing a larger understanding the Mogollon that happened in the 1970s, as well as understanding the role of Casas Grandes in the Mogollon sequence.
Mogollon Village and Harris Village
Mogollon and Harris Villages were very much the type sites for the Mogollon culture and are the sites that convinced Haury of its uniqueness from other Southwestern cultures.[4]
Work began on the Mogollon Village site in 1933. It is a site on the
Harris Village was another site excavated around the same time as Mogollon Village. The site is located in the town of Mimbres, New Mexico near the Mimbres River about 75 miles south of Mogollon Village. Thirty-four houses were excavated with variation in shape, and function (domestic, ceremonial, storage).
After the excavation and analysis of these two sites Haury was able to establish a housing typology for the Mogollon.[4]
Dendrochronology
After becoming increasingly uncomfortable with Cummings' perspective on archaeology Haury looked for other opportunities. In 1929 he began to work for
At the University of Arizona
In 1937 Haury went back to the University of Arizona to head the Department of Archaeology. To broaden the scope of the department Haury changed the name to the Department of Anthropology. As well as holding his position at the university, Haury also took on the role of Director of the Arizona State Museum, which he held until 1964. The Arizona State Museum Library & Archives currently holds the Emil Haury Papers in its collections. Even after retiring, Haury kept an office at the University of Arizona and went there almost every weekday for most of the rest of his life.
Writings
Throughout his career Haury published many papers and several books on archaeology and the Southwest.
Books
- The Stratigraphy & Archaeology of Ventana Cave (1950) ISBN 978-0-8165-0536-4
- The Hohokam, Desert Farmers & Craftsmen: Excavations at Snaketown, 1964–1965 (1976) ISBN 978-0-8165-0445-9
- Mogollon Culture in the Forestdale Valley, East-Central Arizona (1985) ISBN 978-0-8165-0894-5
- Emil W. Haury's Prehistory of the American Southwest (1986) ISBN 978-0-8165-0896-9
- Point of Pines Arizona: A History of the University of Arizona Archaeological Field School (1989) ISBN 978-0-8165-1096-2
Papers
- "Tree Rings: The Archaeologist's Time-Piece", American Antiquity, Vol. 1, No. 2., pp. 98–108 (1935)
- "The Stratigraphy of Ventana Cave, Arizona", American Antiquity, Vol. 8, No. 3., pp. 218–223 (1943)
- "Artifacts With Mammoth Remains, Naco, Arizona", American Antiquity, Vol. 19, No. 1., pp. 1–24 (1953)
- "The Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona", American Antiquity, Vol. 25, No. 1., pp. 2–20 (with E.B. Sayles and William W. Wasley) (1959)
Legacy
Haury was a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1956),[5] the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1960),[6] and the American Philosophical Society (1969).[7] In 2004, a centennial issue of the Journal of the Southwest celebrating Haury's life and career was released. It includes examples of Haury's own artwork, which he used to illustrate both his field notes and letters to his future wife, Hulda.
References
- ^ a b Haury, Emil W. (1992)Emil Haury's Prehistory of the American Southwest: Edited by J. Jefferson Reid and David E. Doyel, Tucson & London: The University of Arizona Press
- ^ Haury, Emil W. (1943) "The Stratigraphy of Ventana Cave, Arizona", American Antiquity, Vol. 8, No. 3., pp. 218–223
- ^ Haury, Emil W., E.B. Sayles and William W. Wasley (1959) "The Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona", American Antiquity, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 2–20
- ^ a b c Haury, Emil W. (1936) "The Mogollon Culture of Southwestern New Mexico", Medallion Papers 20. Gila Pueblo
- ^ "Emil W. Haury". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2022-09-15.
- ^ "Emil Walter Haury". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2022-09-15.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2022-09-15.