Endogone

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Endogone
Fruiting body
of Endogone pisiformis
Double-walled zygospores of E. pisiformis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Zygomycota
Subdivision:
Mucoromycotina
Order:
Endogonales
Family:
Endogonaceae
Genus:
Endogone

Link (1809)
Type species
Endogone pisiformis
Link (1809)
Species

~25, see text

Endogone is a

temperate regions, and contains about 20 species.[1]

Species of Endogone form underground structures called

sporulate in test tube culture when grown with conifer seedlings.[3]

Taxonomy

Endogone was first circumscribed by

Endogonaceae, James Gerdemann and James Trappe deviated from Thaxter’s concept of Endogone, which contained taxa with chlamydospores and zygospores, including only those species that formed zygospores in sporocarps. In the mid-1990s, Yi-Jian Yao and colleagues further restricted Endogone to those species that produced suspensors that were in contact with one another along the entire length. Those taxa in which the suspensors did not touch one another were transferred to a new genus, Youngiomyces.[6][7]

The generic name is derived from the Greek words endo (inside) and gone (reproductive organs).[8]

Description

Endogone species are sporocarpic—they form a fruit body termed a

saprobic
, ectomycorrhizal, or both.

Ecology

plant succession
in sand dunes

Depending on the species, sporocarps have been noted to have the odor of onions, burnt sugar, or fish.[9] Endogone grows in soil, on rotting wood, sphagnum or other plant material either as saprobes or ectomycorrhizal associates.[10] Endogone is especially important in the ecology of nutrient-poor soils. For example, Endogone fungi are known to grow in sand dunes, a nutrient-deficient substrate. Dune plants are dependent upon the fungus for growth and ecological success: the mycelium of the fungus helps aggregate and stabilize the sand in a network of hyphae, giving it cohesion and helping early succession plants establish roots. It also traps and binds fragments of organic material such as decaying roots and rhizomes.[11]

Various species of rodents and shrews include Endogone fungi in their diets, including the

masked shrew (Sorex cinereus),[13] the vagrant shrew (Sorex vagrans),[14] the woodland jumping mouse (Napaeozapus insignis),[15] the Siskiyou chipmunk (Tamias siskiyou),[16] and the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris).[17]

Species

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8
    .
  2. JSTOR 1376990
    .
  3. JSTOR 3793176
    .
  4. ^
    JSTOR 20025921
    .
  5. ^
    JSTOR 4110642
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0947643928
    .
  7. ^ a b Gerdemann & Trappe, 1974, p. 8.
  8. ^ Gerdemann & Trappe, 1974, pp. 11–19.
  9. doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80609-6
    .
  10. doi:10.1139/b75-014
    .
  11. ISSN 0040-313X
    .
  12. S2CID 198969068. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  13. S2CID 198969167
    .
  14. doi:10.1139/Z03-035
    .
  15. JSTOR 1939466
    .
  16. ISBN 0-8014-3475-0
    .
  17. ^
    doi:10.1071/bt9750849
    .
  18. ^ Baszkowski J. (1997). "Endogone aurantiaca, a new species in the Endogonales from Poland". Mycotaxon. 63: 131–141.
  19. doi:10.1017/S0953756298006170
    .
  20. ^ Beeli M. (1923). "Notes mycologiques. Champignons nouveaux pour la flore Belge, récoltés de 1915 à 1923". Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique (in French). 56: 57–68.
  21. ^ Lloyd CG. (1918). "Mycological Notes 56". Mycological Writings. 5 (56): 797–812.

Cited literature

  • Gerdemann JW, Trappe JM (1974). "The Endogonaceae in the Pacific Northwest". Mycologia Memoirs. 5. New York Botanical Garden.
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