Enterotoxin

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Staph/Strep enterotoxin, C terminal
SCOP2
1se3 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
OPM superfamily364
OPM protein1dyq
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary

An enterotoxin is a

cell membranes
. This causes the cells to die.

Clinical significance

Enterotoxins have a particularly marked effect upon the

secretory diarrhea within a few hours of ingesting enterotoxin. Several microbial organisms contain the necessary enterotoxin to create such an effect, such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli.[3]

The drug linaclotide, used to treat some forms of constipation, is based on the mechanism of enterotoxins.[3]

Classification and 3D structures

Bacterial

Enterotoxins can be formed by the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus and can cause

toxic shock syndrome toxin, which shares only a low level of sequence
similarity with this group.

All of these toxins share a similar two-domain

binding mode(s) when it interacts with MHC class II molecules or the T-cell receptor.[9]

The beta-grasp domain has some

SCOP database
.

Viral

Viruses in the families

Astroviridae are responsible for a huge percentage of gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Rotaviruses (of Reoviridae) have been found to contain an enterotoxin which plays a role in viral pathogenesis. NSP4, is a protein that is made during the intracellular phase of the virion's life cycle and is known to have a primary function in intracellular virion maturation.[13] However, when NSP4 from group A Rotaviruses was purified (4 alleles tested), concentrated, and injected into a mouse model, diarrheal disease mimicking that caused by Rotavirus infection commenced.[14] A putative mode of toxicity is that NSP4 activates a signal transduction pathway that ultimately results in an increased cellular concentration of calcium and subsequent chloride secretion from the cell.[15]
Secretion of ions from villi lining the gut alter normal osmotic pressures and prevent uptake of water, eventually causing diarrhea.

See also

References

  1. ^ "enterotoxin" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  2. ^ Carlton Gyles, Magdalene So, Stanley Falkow, Journal of Infectious Diseases (1974) 130 (1): 40-49.
  3. ^
    S2CID 207494271
    .
  4. PMID 10627489
    .
  5. PMID 32927913
    .
  6. S2CID 13668423
    .
  7. PMID 2679358
    .
  8. S2CID 33752378
    .
  9. PMID 9514739
    .
  10. PMID 9334247
    .
  11. ^ a b Enterotoxins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  12. ^ CBRNE - Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B at eMedicine
  13. PMID 29119972
    .
  14. PMID 10502518
    .
  15. PMID 11090165
    .
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