Eugene Dennis
Eugene Dennis | |
|---|---|
 Dennis in 1948 mugshot | |
| Chairman of the National Committee of the Communist Party USA | |
| In office 1957 – 31 January 1961 | |
| Preceded by | William Z. Foster |
| Succeeded by | Elizabeth Gurley Flynn |
| General Secretary of the National Committee of the Communist Party USA | |
| In office 1945–1959 | |
| Preceded by | Earl Browder |
| Succeeded by | Gus Hall |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Francis Xavier Waldron August 10, 1905 Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, United States |
| Political party | Communist Party USA |
| Spouse | Peggy Dennis (née Regina Karasick) |
| Children | Eugene Jr. |
| Residence | New York |
| Occupation | Lumberjack, teamster, electrician, politician |
Francis Xavier Waldron (August 10, 1905 – January 31, 1961), best known by the
Biography
Early years
Francis Xavier Waldron was born on August 10, 1905, in
Political career
Waldron joined the Workers (Communist) Party in 1926.[2]
In 1929, Waldron fled to the Soviet Union to avoid criminal charges for his political activities under the California Criminal Syndicalism Act.
Waldron returned to the
On July 20, 1948, Dennis and eleven other party leaders, including Party Chairman
As Dennis and his co-accused had never openly called for the violent overthrow of the United States government, the prosecution depended on passages from the works of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin that advocated revolutionary violence and on the testimony of former members of the party who claimed Dennis and others had privately advocated the use of violence.
After a nine-month-long trial and the imprisonment of the defense lawyers for contempt of court, Dennis and his co-defendants were found guilty and sentenced to five years imprisonment. They appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, which ruled 6–2 against the defendants on June 4, 1951, in Dennis v. United States, 341 U.S. 494 (1951). The Court later scaled back its Dennis opinion in Yates v. United States and rendered the broad conspiracy provisions of the Smith Act unenforceable.[citation needed] Eugene Dennis was imprisoned in the years 1951–1955, according to the verdict in his case.[4]
Dennis remained General Secretary until 1959 when he succeeded Foster as party chairman and held that position until his death in 1961.
Espionage connections
Though never charged with any act of
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Dennis is referenced in the following Venona transcripts:
- 708 KGB Moscow to Mexico City, 8 December 1944
- 1714 KGB New York to Moscow, 5 December 1944
- 55 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 January 1945
Death
Dennis died of cancer on January 31, 1961.
He was buried at the
Writings
- The elections and the outlook for national unity., New York, Workers Library Publishers, 1944.
- America at the crossroads: postwar problems and communist policy., New York, New century publishers, 1945.
- Marxism-Leninism vs. revisionism., New York, New Century Publishers, 1946 (with William Z. Foster, Jacques Duclos, and John Williamson; foreword by Max Weiss).
- The people against the trusts; build a democratic front to defeat reaction now and win a people’s victory in 1948., New York, New Century Publishers, 1946.
- What America faces: the new war danger and the struggle for peace, democracy, and economic security., New York, New century publishers, 1946.
- Let the people know the truth about the Communists which the un-American committee tried to suppress., New York, New century publishers, 1947.
- Eugene Dennis indicts the Wall Street conspirators.[permanent dead link] New York : National Office, Communist Party, 1948.
- Ideas they cannot jail., New York, International Publishers, 1950.
- Letters from prison. Selected by Peggy Dennis., New York, International Publishers, 1956.
- The Communists take a new look., New York, New Century, 1956.
Footnotes
- ISBN 9780815332411.
- ^ Joseph R. Starobin, American Communism in Crisis, 1943-1957. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972; p. 13.
- ^ Video: Berlin Siege. Gen. Clay Returns To Report On Red Crisis, 1948/07/22 (1948). Universal Newsreel. 1948. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ Деннис Юджин, Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Further reading
- Louis Budenz, Men Without Faces: The Communist Conspiracy in the USA. New York: Harper, 1948; p. 252.
- Peggy Dennis, The Autobiography of an American Communist: A Personal View of a Political Life, 1925-1975. Westport, CT: L. Hill, 1977.
- John D. Gordon III, "The Dennis Case, Communist Bail Jumpers, and Oliver Ellsworth's 'Outlawry' Bill," American Communist History, vol. 14, no. 2 (August 2015), pp. 105–134.
- John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.
- Ann Kimmage, An Un-American Childhood. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998; pp. 21–22, 120.
- William M. Wiecek, "The Legal Foundations of Domestic Anticommunism: The Background of Dennis v. United States," Supreme Court Review, vol. 2001 (2001), pp. 375–434. in JSTOR.
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