Evelyn Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire

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Photograph of the Duchess of Devonshire from the Library of Congress
Mistress of the Robes to
Queen Mary
In office
1910–1916
MonarchMary of Teck
Preceded byNone
Succeeded byThe Duchess of Sutherland
In office
1921–1953
MonarchMary of Teck
Preceded byThe Duchess of Sutherland
Succeeded byNone
Personal details
Born
Evelyn Emily Mary Fitzmaurice

(1870-08-27)27 August 1870
Died2 April 1960(1960-04-02) (aged 89)
NationalityBritish
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1892; died 1938)​
Children
Parents
Portrait of Lady Evelyn Cavendish, John Singer Sargent (1902)

Evelyn Emily Mary Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire,

Duchess
of Devonshire in 1908. With her position, she oversaw the reorganisation of the Devonshire estates and presided over four English houses and one Irish castle.

Evelyn held the position of Mistress of the Robes to Queen Mary from 1910 until 1916, when she accompanied her husband upon his appointment as Governor General of Canada. The Duchess held the position Viceregal Consort until the Duke's term ended in 1921. Upon returning to England, the Duchess again was appointed Mistress of the Robes to Queen Mary, holding the position until the latter's death in 1953. The Dowager Duchess, widowed since 1938, spent her final years living at Hardwick Hall, which was made over to HM Treasury in 1956, in part payment of death duties.

Family and early life

Viceroy of India from 1888 to 1894, and as Leader of the Conservative Party in the House of Lords from 1903 to 1916.[2] Lady Evelyn was consequently raised to public life.[3]

Marriage

Evelyn was married on 30 July 1892 to Victor Cavendish, the nephew and heir of the 8th Duke of Devonshire[1][4] and the youngest member of the House of Commons.[5] They and their growing family resided at Holker Hall in Lancashire, and would be sad to leave it to Lord Richard Cavendish upon Victor's accession as Duke of Devonshire in 1908.[5][6] The family eventually came to include two sons, five daughters,[1] and twenty-one grandchildren.[7]

As part of the celebrations for Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897, Victor's uncle hosted the Devonshire House Ball, one of the event's most extravagant parties. Lady Evelyn attended in the dress of a Lady at the Court of the Empress Maria Theresa, while her husband dressed in sixteenth-century costume.[8]

Duchess of Devonshire

Victor succeeded his uncle as 9th Duke of Devonshire in 1908, whereupon Evelyn became the Duchess of Devonshire.[1] The Devonshires were one of the country's richest families, thought by some to have more wealth than the royal family.[9] The Duchess was to oversee four large estates in England and one Irish castle.[3] With her new position, she oversaw the reorganisation of the Devonshire estates.[1] The Duchess strictly adhered to etiquette and her position,[9] being characterised by a brother-in-law as "accustomed to authority."[10] She was known for her abrasive personality; her granddaughter-in-law wrote that she "was not altogether easy to get on with,"[11] whilst another referred to her as "an unpleasant woman."[10] Her husband's biographer described her as "cold, authoritarian, and frugal,"[1] and a servant recalled that "she wouldn't speak to you unless she wanted something, and I can't say she ever thanked you either."[10]

In 1909, the Duchess founded the

Red Cross and became its first president.[3][12] She was appointed Mistress of the Robes to the newly crowned Queen Mary in 1910.[13] In 1916, the Duke accepted the appointment of Governor General of Canada,[5] and his wife relinquished her position to accompany him,[14][15] along with six of their children.[16] While in Canada, their daughter Lady Dorothy met Harold Macmillan, the future prime minister. While the Duke was delighted with the match, the Duchess was unhappy that Macmillan, though wealthy, was the member of a mere tradesmen family. She favoured a match between her daughter and the heir to the Duke of Buccleuch instead.[17] Nevertheless, Dorothy and Macmillan were married in April 1920.[18]

The Duke of Devonshire's tenure in Canada ended in 1921,

Dame Grand Cross of The Royal Victorian Order in May 1937.[20][21]

Widowhood

In April 1925, the Duke suffered a stroke that paralysed him and led to his gradual mental deterioration.

nettle soup to Chatsworth House,[1] but their affairs "gradually went downhill."[23] He died in May 1938;[23] after his death, the Duchess took up residence at Hardwick Hall, where she oversaw a significant amount of repair work of its tapestries and embroideries.[25]

In 1950, the unexpected death of the

National Trust.[27] The Duchess remained in occupation until her death on 2 April 1960.[28][29] Having done much to conserve the textiles in the house, she was to be its last occupant.[28]

Issue

The Duchess of Devonshire, with three of her children

They had two sons and five daughters.[1]

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Davenport-Hines 2004.
  2. ^ Adonis 2004.
  3. ^ a b c Cavendish 2010, p. 218.
  4. ^ Simon Shkolnik 1996, p. 274.
  5. ^ a b c Cavendish 1999, p. 94.
  6. ^ Simon Shkolnik 1996, pp. 274–75.
  7. ^ Cavendish 2011, p. 320.
  8. ^ "Lady Evelyn Cavendish, later Duchess of Devonshire". Chatsworth.org. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  9. ^ a b Olson 2007, p. 41.
  10. ^ a b c Olson 2007, p. 40.
  11. ^ Cavendish 2010, p. 143.
  12. Red Cross. 22 September 2009. Archived from the original
    on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  13. ProQuest 145018436
    . (subscription required)
  14. ProQuest 145485686
    . (subscription required)
  15. ProQuest 145479997
    . (subscription required)
  16. ^ a b Simon Shkolnik 1996, p. 275.
  17. ^ Olson 2007, p. 67.
  18. ^ Olson 2007, pp. 40–41.
  19. ^ "Evelyn Cavendish Duchess of Devonshire | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  20. Edinburgh Gazette. 14 May 1937. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  21. ^ McCreery 2008, p. 109.
  22. ^ Cavendish 2010.
  23. ^ a b c d Cavendish 2010, p. 136.
  24. ^ Simon Shkolnik 1996, pp. 275–76.
  25. ^ Montgomery-Massingberd 1994, p. 178.
  26. ^ Chatsworth: Home of the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire; Derbyshire Countryside Ltd; 2005: p. 56.
  27. ^ Cavendish 2010, p. 141.
  28. ^
    ISBN 978-1-84359-217-4
    : p. 72
  29. ProQuest 115023105
    . (subscription required)
  30. ^ a b c d e f g Burke 1914, p. 621.
Works cited

External links
Court offices
Preceded by
—
 Mistress of the Robes to
Queen Mary
1910–1916 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Mistress of the Robes to
Queen Mary
1921–1953 		Succeeded by
—
Honorary titles
Preceded by Viceregal consort of Canada
1916–1921 		Succeeded by
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