Falcarinol

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Falcarinol
Names
IUPAC name
(3S,9Z)-Heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyn-3-ol
Other names
Carotatoxin, panaxynol
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C17H24O/c1-3-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17(18)4-2/h4,10-11,17-18H,2-3,5-9,12H2,1H3/b11-10-/t17-/m0/s1 ☒N
    Key: UGJAEDFOKNAMQD-MQNTZWLQSA-N ☒N
  • InChI=1/C17H24O/c1-3-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17(18)4-2/h4,10-11,17-18H,2-3,5-9,12H2,1H3/b11-10-/t17-/m0/s1
    Key: UGJAEDFOKNAMQD-MQNTZWLQBN
  • C=C[C@H](O)C#CC#CC/C=C\CCCCCCC
Properties
C17H24O
Molar mass 244.378 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Falcarinol (also known as carotatoxin or panaxynol) is a natural pesticide and

ivy. In carrots, it occurs in a concentration of approximately 2 mg/kg.[1][2] As a toxin, it protects roots
from fungal diseases, such as liquorice rot that causes black spots on the roots during storage. The compound requires the freezing condition to maintain well because it is sensitive to light and heat.

Chemistry

Falcarinol is a polyyne with two carbon-carbon triple bonds and two double bonds.[3] The double bond at the carbon 9 position has cis stereochemistry was introduced by the desaturation, which requires oxygen and NADPH (or NADH) cofactors and creates a bend in the molecule. It is structurally related to oenanthotoxin and cicutoxin.

Biological effects

Falcarinol is an intense irritant that can cause

cannabinoid receptor type 1 inverse agonist and blocks the effect of anandamide in keratinocytes, leading to pro-allergic effects in human skin.[5] Normal consumption of carrots has no toxic effect in humans.[6]

Biosynthesis

Falcarinol biosynthesis route

Starting with oleic acid (1), which possesses a cis double bond at the carbon 9 position from desaturation and a bound of phospholipids (-PL), a bifunctional desaturase/acetylnase system occurred with oxygen (a) to introduce the second cis double bond at the carbon 12 position to form linoleic acid (2). This step was then repeated to turn the cis double bond at the carbon 12 position into a triple bond (also called acetylenic bond) to form crepenynic acid (3). Crepenynic acid was reacted with oxygen (b) to form a second cis double bond at the carbon 14 position (conjugated position) leading to the formation of dehydrocrepenynic acid (4). Allylic isomerization (c) was responsible for the changes from the cis double bond at the carbon 14 position into the triple bond (5) and formation of the more favored trans (E) double bond at the carbon 17 position (6). Finally, after forming the intermediate (7) by decarboxylation (d), falcarinol (8) was produced by hydroxylation (e) at the carbon 16 position that introduced the (R)-configuration to the system.[7]

See also

References

  1. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)83330-5
    .
  2. ISBN 968-444-071-5
    .
  3. doi:10.1021/jf00110a025
    .
  4. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470210_5.x
    .
  5. PMID 20206138
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-8247-0760-6
    .
  7. ISBN 978-0-470-74168-9
    .
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