Fall of Plered

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Fall of Plered
Part of
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
)
Result Rebel victory
Belligerents Mataram Sultanate Forces of TrunajayaCommanders and leaders

Amangkurat I
(Died during retreat)
His eldest sons:

  • Raden Kajoran
  • Pangeran Purbaya
  • Tumenggung Mangkuyuda

    • The Fall of Plered (also spelled Pleret) was the capture of the capital of the

    Amangkurat II
    , without any army or treasury.

    Background

    Progress of the Trunajaya rebellion

    The Trunajaya rebellion began in 1674 as raids by the rebel forces against the cities of the

    Madura.[2] They routed a much larger royal army in the Battle of Gegodog in northeast Java (October 1676), took most of Java's north coast and campaigned successfully in the interior central and east Java.[2][3] In the same year, the rebels arrived at Taji, the eastern entrance to the capital district, and was joined by the men of Raden Kajoran, Trunajaya's powerful father-in-law.[4] The combined forces was defeated by loyalist forces led by Mataram's royal princes, but Kajoran escaped and joined Trunajaya.[4] Despite the defeat, Kajoran continued to cause trouble for Mataram in districts east of the capital.[4] In early 1677, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Batavia decided to ally itself with Mataram.[5] A fleet led by Cornelis Speelman sailed to Trunajaya's capital in Surabaya in April, northeastern coast of Java, and took the city after hard fighting in May.[4] Following the defeat, Trunajaya retreated inland, establishing a new capital in Kediri.[6]

    The court at Plered

    Main article: Plered

    Amangkurat I's father and predecessor

    Sultan Agung built an artificial lake in an area which became known as Plered, east of his court at Karta.[7] In 1647, shortly after taking the throne, Amangkurat built his royal residence near the lake and moved the court there.[7][8] In contrast to Karta, which was made of wood, the royal compound at Plered was built of brick.[8] Amangkurat continued to expand this complex up to 1666.[8]

    Opposing forces

    According to

    Pakubuwana I), Pangeran Martasana and Pangeran Singasari were manoeuvring for power.[5] The royal guards, as well as the guards of the princes were available for defending of the capital, but disunity among the four princes prevented an effective defense.[5][9]

    Rebel forces in this sector consisted of

    Grobogan and the men of Kajoran and Purbaya.[13]

    Capture of Plered

    Kajoran renewed military operations in the capital district in April 1677.

    Pangeran Puger, Pangeran Martasana and Pangeran Singasari) were defeated in battle after heavy fighting.[14] The king himself was aged and grievously ill and unable to lead his troops.[14][15] Superior rebel operations, and the lack of unity among the princes contributed to the rebel victory.[14] In addition, the king's cousin Pangeran Purbaya, defected to the rebel side along with his followers, and the loyal princes were unable to rally their people to fight.[12][14]

    The capital was now "beyond defending".[14] Conflict arose between the crown prince and his brother Pangeran Puger.[10] The king put Puger in charge of the defense of the capital, awarding him the title Susuhunan Ingalaga ("king on the field of battle").[10]

    Amid anarchy and panic, the king fled the court, in the middle of the night, possibly on or around 28 June, with a small retinue.

    Spanish reals were taken by rebels.[a][16]

    Flight and death of Amangkurat I

    Sources disagree on the details of the royal family's flight. According to the Dutch historian

    palanquin due to his illness, and was unmolested save for (according to Javanese accounts), an attempted robbery by villagers of Karanganyar who were unaware of his identity.[10]

    Amangkurat I in Tegal Arum Complex, Tegal Regency, Central Java
    . He retreated there after the fall of Plered.

    According to de Graaf, he went to Tegal in order to meet with a VOC official on a ship but died on the way.[15] According to the Javanese accounts, the aged and ill king, certain of his imminent death, went to Tegal because he wished to be buried there.[10] Tegal was in his mother's country and he sent his officials ahead to build a grave for him in Tegalwangi, few kilometers south of the coast.[15][10] As he laid dying, he ceremonially handed over the regalia to the crown prince,[15] and instructed him to recapture the court with the Dutch's help.[15][10] He then died, and his body was washed, prayed over and taken to the burial site in Tegalwangi.[10] He was buried on 13 July and thirteen VOC soldiers from the ship off Tegal attended the burial.[10] He was given the posthumous name Seda-ing-Tegalwangi ("He who died in Tegalwangi").[15]

    Aftermath

    Remains of Kartasura, a new capital built by Amangkurat II after Plered's fall.

    After his father's death, the crown prince became King

    Pajang, and called it Kartasura.[20]

    Notes

    1. ^ The exact fate of the treasury was unclear. A man claiming to be an eyewitness said that the whole treasury was taken to Trunajaya's capital at Kediri, while the crown prince later said that 150,000 was taken to Kediri and 200,000 remained in Mataram with Trunajaya's commander Tumenggung Mangkuyuda.[16]

    References

    Footnotes

    1. ^ Pigeaud 1976, p. 69.
    2. ^ a b Andaya 1981, pp. 214–215.
    3. ^ Pigeaud 1976, pp. 70, 73.
    4. ^ a b c d e Pigeaud 1976, p. 71.
    5. ^ a b c d Ricklefs 1993, p. 37.
    6. ^ Ricklefs 1993, p. 39.
    7. ^ a b Pigeaud 1976, p. 54.
    8. ^ a b c Ricklefs 2008, p. 87.
    9. ^ a b c Pigeaud 1976, p. 73.
    10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Ricklefs 1993, p. 41.
    11. ^ a b Pigeaud 1976, p. 67.
    12. ^ a b Ricklefs 1993, pp. 273–274 notes 33, 40.
    13. ^ Ricklefs 1993, p. 274 note 40.
    14. ^ a b c d e f Ricklefs 1993, p. 40.
    15. ^ a b c d e f Pigeaud 1976, p. 74.
    16. ^ a b Ricklefs 1993, p. 42.
    17. ^ a b c Pigeaud 1976, p. 76.
    18. ^ Pigeaud 1976, pp. 76–77.
    19. ^ Pigeaud 1976, p. 77.
    20. ^ Pigeaud 1976, p. 89.

    Bibliography

    • ISBN 9789004287228
      .
    • ISBN 978-1-86373-380-9
      .
    • Ricklefs, M.C. (2008-09-11). A History of Modern Indonesia Since C.1200. Palgrave Macmillan.
      ISBN 978-1-137-05201-8.[permanent dead link
      ]
    • ISBN 90-247-1876-7
      .
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