Raden Kajoran

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Dutch East India Company (VOC)[1][2]
Other namesPanembahan Rama
Known forIslamic religious figure; participation in Trunajaya rebellion
TitleRaden, Panembahan
RelativesTrunajaya (son-in-law)

Raden Kajoran, also Panembahan Rama (died 14 September 1679) was a Javanese Muslim nobleman and a major leader of the Trunajaya rebellion against the Mataram Sultanate. He led the rebel forces which overran and sacked Plered, Mataram's capital in June 1677.[1] In September 1679, his forces were defeated by the combined Dutch, Javanese, and Bugis forces under Sindu Reja and Jan Albert Sloot in a battle in Mlambang, near Pajang.[2][3] Kajoran surrendered but was executed under Sloot's orders.[2]

Ancestors and family

Pajang and Mataram.[4] By the time of Raden Kajoran, the family had become a powerful and influential family in Mataram, due to both their Islamic authority and royal marriage ties.[5][7]

Biography

Before Trunajaya's rebellion

King

Amangkurat II) who also had a grudge against his father the king.[6]

Role in Trunajaya rebellion

Main article: Trunajaya rebellion

The Trunajaya rebellion began in 1674 as Trunajaya's forces conducted raids against the cities under Mataram control.[9] Kajoran joined the rebellion since at least 1676 after Trunajaya's victory at Gegodog in October.[5] His knowledge of the internal Mataram affairs, as well as his reputation as a religious leader, provided support to Trunajaya and his Madurese warlords who were foreign to central Java.[4][10]

He joined rebel troops marching towards Mataram's capital – led by Trunajaya's captains – at

Taji, east of the capital.[5] These troops attacked the capital district (the district of Mataram) in January or February 1677 but were repulsed by loyalist troops led by the royal princes.[4] The defeated forces retreated to Surabaya, where Raden Kajoran joined his son-in-law Trunajaya.[4][11] Subsequently, Mataram forces burned his district of Kajoran.[4][11]

In April 1677, Kajoran started another attack on Mataram.[1][12] His forces overran and sacked the capital Plered around 28 June 1677, marking the high point of the rebellion.[12] There was talk that the western part of Trunajaya's realm (roughly today's Central Java), were to be declared a kingdom ruled by Kajoran, but he preferred to take the position of a spiritual lord rather than a king.[13] Also, despite the proposal of dual rule, Trunajaya took all the treasuries captured from Plered for himself and denied it from Kajoran.[14]

The rebels later withdrew from the now-ruined capital and Raden Kajoran moved to

Dutch East India Company (known by its Dutch acronym VOC), who also tried to establish a monopoly in the Pasisir.[13]

In November 1678, Kediri was taken by VOC-Mataram troops and Kajoran returned to Central Java and established his new base at

Buginese to do it.[14]

After his death

Kajoran's followers continued the resistance against Mataram after his death and Trunajaya's death in January 1680.[2] They include members and relatives of the Kajoran family, religious men from Tembayat, and men from the Gunungkidul district.[2] Their leaders include Kartapada, Kartanadi and Kartanagara.[1]

Personal characters and other names

Raden Kajoran was also known as Panembahan Rama and reputed to be skilled in

tapa (ascetism).[7] Javanese chronicles called him "Raden Kajoran Ambalik" (Raden Kajoran the Deserter) due to his role in Trunajaya rebellion,[15] and Dutch admiral Cornelis Speelman (one of his opponents during the war) called him "that prophet of the devil".[7] Speelman also wrote that he taught his followers that "God and his Prophet will never bless the Javanese land again, as long as the kaffers [unbelievers, i.e. the Dutch] will be accepted there."[17]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Kemper 2014, p. 144.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Pigeaud 1976, p. 89.
  3. ^ Ricklefs 2008, p. 94.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Pigeaud 1976, p. 86.
  5. ^ a b c d Pigeaud 1976, p. 71.
  6. ^ a b c d Pigeaud 1976, p. 67.
  7. ^ a b c d Ricklefs 1993, p. 31.
  8. ^ Pigeaud 1976, p. 66.
  9. ^ Pigeaud 1976, p. 69.
  10. ^ Kemper 2014, p. 69, note 287.
  11. ^ a b Kemper 2014, p. 143.
  12. ^ a b Ricklefs 1993, p. 40.
  13. ^ a b c Pigeaud 1976, p. 87.
  14. ^ a b c d Kemper 2014, p. 70.
  15. ^ a b c d Pigeaud 1976, p. 88.
  16. ^ Pigeaud 1976, pp. 88–89.
  17. ^ Kemper 2014, p. 96.

Bibliography

  • Kemper, Simon (2014-05-08). War-bands on Java (Thesis).
    hdl:1887/25549
    .
  • ISBN 978-1-86373-380-9
    .
  • Ricklefs, M.C. (2008-09-11). A History of Modern Indonesia Since C.1200. Palgrave Macmillan.
    ISBN 978-1-137-05201-8
    .
  • ISBN 90-247-1876-7
    .
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