Felix Huston Robertson

Felix Huston Robertson (March 9, 1839 – April 20, 1928) was the only native-born

black Union cavalrymen

were killed on the battlefield and in the field hospital.

Early life

Robertson was born in

West Point

in 1857, but left before graduation to serve the Confederacy.

Civil War

Robertson was initially commissioned as a

Brigadier General Adley H. Gladden at Pensacola

.

In early 1862, Robertson became

captain of an artillery battery from Alabama and fought at the Battle of Shiloh in April. He served at the Battle of Stones River at the end of the year. He was promoted by Braxton Bragg to the rank of major and given command of the reserve artillery battalion of the Army of Tennessee, which he led at Chickamauga

in September 1863.

Robertson was subsequently promoted to

chief of staff

. He married Sarah Davis while on a furlough.

Perjurer, sycophant, quite probably a murderer, Felix Robertson of Texas was almost without doubt the most reprehensible man in either army to wear the uniform of a general. Only by the narrowest of margins did he escape being tried by his own government for what later generations would call war crimes.

-- William C. Davis^[1]

Late in the year, Robertson was assigned a field command, leading first a

guerillas associated with Robertson's troops on October 3. Robertson had bragged to another officer that "he had killed nearly all the Negroes."^[2] His conduct was such that when Robert E. Lee learned of it he communicated to General John C. Breckinridge his dismay "that a general officer should have been guilty of the crime you mention" and instructed Breckinridge to "prefer charges against him and bring him to trial."^[3] One of his subordinate officers, Champ Ferguson

, was executed by hanging after the war for his part in what the Northern press deemed the "Saltville Massacre." Historian William C. Davis, in his book An Honorable Defeat. The Last Days of the Confederate Government (2001), said that Robertson personally "join(ed) in the act of villainy", although he escaped prosecution.

Robertson was severely wounded in the elbow during the

Battle of Buck Head Creek near Augusta, Georgia, in late November 1864.^[4] He lived, but never resumed field duty.^[5]

On February 22, 1865, the

Confederate Senate rejected Robertson's nomination to the grade of brigadier general.^[6] He was captured in Macon, Georgia on April 20, 1865.^[6] No record of his parole has been found.^[6]

Postbellum career

After the war, Robertson returned to Texas and settled in

bar exam

, and established a profitable legal practice. He and his father speculated in real estate and invested in several local railroads. After the death of his wife, Robertson remarried in 1892.

Robertson attempted to enter local politics in 1902 as he ran for mayor of Waco in the Democratic primaries.^[7] However, he was defeated by incumbent J. W. Riggins.

Robertson became the commander of the local

Oscar B. Colquitt appointed him as the Texas Representative for the Battle of Gettysburg Commission, a national group that commemorated the battle's fiftieth anniversary in July 1913 with several days of a Great Camp at the battlefield.^[8]

He died in Waco, Texas on April 20, 1928, and was buried in Oakwood Cemetery there.^[6]

Notes

^ Davis, p. 100.
^ "Was there a Saltville Massacre in 1864?" David Brown's analysis Archived 2010-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
^ McKnight, Brian D. Contested Borderland: Civil War in Appalachian Kentucky and Virginia, University Press of Kentucky, 2006. p. 211
^ The War of the Rebellion, a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series. I, Vol. XLIV, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1893, p. 910, Date of the report was Nov. 29, injury may have occurred in battle on Nov. 28.
^ Warner, p. 261
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Eicher, 2001, p. 609.
^ "Riggins Again Chosen," Dallas Morning News, 5 March 1902; "Gen. Robertson to Run for Mayor," Dallas Morning News, 9 February 1902; Fair, Richard H. "The Good Angel of Practical Fraternity: The Ku Klux Klan in McLennan County, 1915-1924," Master's Thesis, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, 2009, 105-106.
^ "Address to Veterans," Dallas Morning News, 7 May 1913; "Gen. Robertson Appointed," Dallas Morning News, 21 May 1912; Fair, Richard H. "The Good Angel of Practical Fraternity," 107.