Filippo Paulucci

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Filippo Paulucci delle Roncole
Gold Sword for Bravery
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Anna
Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky

Filippo Paulucci delle Roncole (11 September 1779 – 25 January 1849), also known as Filipp Osipovich Pauluchchi (

army officer, later a general at the services of the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Russian Empire
.

Born into a prominent

Sardinian Army, but he refused any involvements. He died peacefully in Nice
the following year.

Life

First years

Filippo Paulucci delle Roncole was born in one of the most notable noble couples of

Piedmontese soldiers. Since duels were outlawed, Paulucci was arrested and sentenced to a three-week imprisonment. On 19 November 1796, he was promoted to captain and freed from his fealty's oath by the king, who awarded him the Knight's Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus for the stubborn loyalty he had shown.[7]

In 1797 he was listed among the staff officers and aide-de-camp of the

Curlandian family.[10]

Service in the Russian Empire

1851 monument commemorating Paulucci in Riga

Paulucci, using his wife's family connections, moved to the Russian service, and in 1807 was promoted

Order of St George "as a reward for prudent orders given whilst in the Finnish army, which helped to defeat the enemy". He took part in the war against the Turks in 1810 and was appointed quartermaster of the Caucasian Army in 1811, then governor of Georgia. In this position he simultaneously had to wage a war against the Turks (from Kars), against the Persians (Karabakh) and insurgents. Paulucci withstood this difficult situation and on 25 April 1812 was awarded the Order of St George 3rd class "as a reward for feats of courage and bravery in the Caucasus against the Persians". However, soon afterwards the preparations for war with Napoleon got underway and Paulucci was summoned to Saint Petersburg to be appointed Army Chief of Staff.[12] However, after a few days, probably due to the opposition of Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, he received the post of the governor general of Governorate of Livonia
. In 1829 he left the Russian army and went to Italy, where he took command of the army of Piedmont.

Return to service in the Kingdom of Sardinia

After the constitutional revolution in 1821, the

Francesco IV d'Asburgo-Este. Paulucci met, during one of his Italian licence periods, Carlo Felice in Turin, and resolved to do whatever he can to help him. Paulucci's later efforts at the Russian court were indeed essential in stopping the Austrian ambitions at the Verona congress.[13] Memoring these good services, the King Carlo Felice
invited Paulucci in Piedmont in 1829, and the two started a close friendship.

After the coup d'etat that, in France, brought

Full General and Inspector general of Infantry and Cavalry on 28 June 1830.[14] The following month, he was then put at the head of the Sardinian Army, with full authority, except for the Carabinieri and four generals with greater seniority.[15] It was recorder that Paulucci was not welcomed by the army and the officers, namely being "sevère [...] jusq'à la rudesse" (rigid to the bone).[16]

Paulucci reorganised the Kingdom's infantry, increasing the number of the troops, modifying the brigade system and facing both enthusiastic approval and bitter critic, especially from the heir to the throne, Prince

Carlo Alberto.[17] Carlo Felice died in March 1831, and Paulucci was eventually discharged of all his positions. The new king, only days later, suppressed the rank of Full General in the Sardinian Army.[18]

The name of Paulucci came back to the attention of the public in March 1848, along with that of General Latour, for the command of the

Sardinian Army on the field, those being the only two generals of the entire force that had led troops in battle before. Both his age and bad health induced him to make a public refusal of the position, still never offered to him officially.[19]

Filippo Paulucci delle Roncole died in Nice on 25 January 1849, and was later buried in Mirandola, near Modena, in the church of Saints James and Philip.

References

  1. ISBN 978-88-908510-2-5
  2. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pg. 19–20
  3. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pg 20
  4. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pg 16
  5. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pg 21
  6. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pg 22
  7. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pg 23
  8. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pg 25 & ss.
  9. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pg 27
  10. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pg 29
  11. ISBN 9780521522502
    .
  12. ^ Levinson-Lessing, Ed. ed.; Krol, А.Е.; Semenov, K.M., The State Hermitage Museum. Western European paintings. Catalog, 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. L.: Art, 1981. – Т. 2. – T. 2. – С. 254, cat. № 7839. – 360 pp.
  13. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pag 236
  14. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pag 246
  15. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pag 249
  16. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pag 250
  17. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pag 251–253
  18. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pag 256
  19. ^ Ilari et al., Filippo Paulucci... pg 288

Bibliography

  • Ulrich Einrich Gustav Freiherrn von Schlippenbach, Erinnerungen von einer Reise nach St. Petersburg im Jahre 1814, Hamburg, 1818, II, pp. 5, 88, 154–165, 178–180, 192, 202, 205, 220, 241–42 [1].
  • Carl von Clausewitz, Der Feldzug von 1812 in Russland (Hinterlassene Werke, Band 7, ed. 1862, cc. 32–33, 165, 187) [2].
  • Ferdinando Augusto Pinelli, Storia militare del Piemonte in continuazione di quella del Saluzzo, cioè dalla pace di Aquisgrana sino a' dì nostri, 1748–1850, Torino, T. De Giorgis, 1854, vol. 2, pp. 653–55 e supplemento III pp. 31–33 [3]; vol. 3, pp. 203–204 [4].
  • Joseph Lehmann, Paulucci und Carlo Alberto, Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes, Bände 59–60, 1861, pp. 284–286 [5].
  • Julius von Eckardt, Garlieb Merkel, York und Paulucci: Aktenstücke und Beiträge zur Geschichte der Convention von Tauroggen, Leipzig, 1865 [6].
  • Dr. W. von Gutzeit, "Urtheile über den Marquis Paulucci", in Mittheilungen aus dem Gebiete der Geschichte Liv-, Est- und Kurlands, hgb von der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Alterthumskunde der Ostsee-Provinzen Russlands, Riga, I, 1865, pp. 546–550.[7]
  • Василий Александрович Потто (1836–1911), Кавказская война. Том 1. От древнейших времен до Ермолова, 1887, Tom 1, cc. 466–488 (Maркиз ПАУЛУЧЧИ)[8].
  • Le Général Marquis Amilcar Paulucci Et Sa Famille, Padoue (1899).
  • Le bocche di Cattaro nel 1810: con notizie sul Montenegro: relazione di Luigi Paulucci (1774–1844), delegato napoleonico, con altri documenti e appunti di storia "bocchese": biografie dei Marchesi Paulucci, nei loro legami dalmati, veneti, piemontesi e russi, a cura di Almerigo Apollonio, Istituto regionale per la cultura istriano-fiumano-dalmata, Trieste, Italo Svevo, 2005.
  • Maurizio Lo Re, Filippo Paulucci. L'italiano che governò a Riga, Books & Company s.r.l., Livorno, 2006.

External links

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