Fort Craig

Coordinates: 33°38′25″N 107°0′46″W / 33.64028°N 107.01278°W / 33.64028; -107.01278
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Fort Craig
Fort Craig is located in New Mexico
Fort Craig
Fort Craig is located in the United States
Fort Craig
Nearest citySocorro, New Mexico
Coordinates33°38′25″N 107°0′46″W / 33.64028°N 107.01278°W / 33.64028; -107.01278
Area15 acres (6.1 ha)
Built1854 (1854)
WebsiteFort Craig Historic Site
NRHP reference No.70000414[1]
NMSRCP No.46
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1970
Designated NMSRCPMarch 21, 1969

Fort Craig was a

El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, near Elephant Butte Lake State Park and the Rio Grande in Socorro County, New Mexico
.

The Fort Craig site was approximately 1,050 feet east-west by 600 feet north-south (320 by 180 m) and covered 40 acres (16 hectares).

History

Before Fort Craig

The 1848

forts along the new boundaries between Mexico and the United States. Apaches and other Native American groups were reportedly harassing settlers
and travelers on both sides of the border. The attacks by the tribes from U.S. territory into Mexico was a problem the U.S. government was obligated to address under the treaty.

In 1849, an initial garrison was established at

Navajo
, Fort Conrad was beset by construction problems and was under constant threat of flash floods, so it operated for only a short while until a replacement was built several miles away.

Establishment

In 1853, the

3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment began constructing a new fort on a bluff nine miles downriver from Fort Conrad.[2] The new fort was named in honor of Captain Louis S. Craig, an officer in the Mexican–American War who had been murdered by deserters in California in 1852.[3]
The new fort was garrisoned in 1854 with troops transferred from Fort Conrad.

Life at remote Fort Craig was uncomfortable and lonely at best and deadly at worst. The buildings were a constant source of misery to the soldiers, and records reveal litanies of complaints about leaky roofs, crumbling walls and chimneys, crowded conditions and filth from crumbling dirt roofs and muddy floors.

Civil War

Flagpole at Fort Craig

By July 1861, Fort Craig had become the largest fort in the Southwest, with over 2,000 soldiers. That same year, several regiments of New Mexico Volunteers were established to handle the new threat posed by the Confederate Army of New Mexico.

In September 1861, a cavalry force of about 100 men set out from Fort Craig and skirmished with rebels at

Mesilla
as its capital).

In February 1862, all five regiments of New Mexico Volunteers were sent south from Fort Union to reinforce Fort Craig and to wait for the Confederate advance up the Rio Grande.

After capturing several military installations in the newly established

Confederate Territory of Arizona, Brigadier General Sibley led his enthusiastic but poorly equipped brigade of about 2,500 Confederate Army of New Mexico men. On February 7, 1862, the Army of New Mexico left Fort Fillmore and headed north towards Fort Craig, but marched well around the fort after the Union Army refused to do battle on the plain in front of the fort.[4]

On Fort Craig's massive gravel

cannons) with empty soldiers' caps alongside the real cannons and real Union troops. This impressive ruse squelched Sibley's plans for a direct assault on Fort Craig. Furthermore, Sibley did not have the heavy artillery necessary for a siege against the heavily fortified and defended fort.[4]

On February 21, 1862, the Union troops led by Colonel Edward Canby and the Confederate Army of New Mexico of Brigadier General Sibley first met at the Battle of Valverde, a crossing of the Rio Grande just north of the fort. Both sides took heavy casualties. At the end of the day, the Confederates held the field of battle, but the Union still held Fort Craig.

The Battle of Valverde is considered a Confederate victory. However, the New Mexico Volunteers, under the command of Colonel Miguel Pino, found the Confederates' lightly guarded supply wagons and burned them. Sibley was forced to march further north without the supplies he had hoped to take from Fort Craig. On February 23, 1862, the Confederate forces marched around the Union Army and headed for Albuquerque.

Indian Wars

Between 1863 and 1865, Fort Craig was headquarters for U.S. Army campaigns against the Gila and Mimbres Apaches.

Fort Craig was permanently abandoned in 1885.

Fort Craig was referenced on page 208 in Dee Brown’s book “Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee”.

Fort Craig Historic Site

The

National Historic Trail
.

A 1958

Hollywood movie Western titled Fort Massacre
was set in 1879 around "Fort Crane," a fictional analogue for Fort Craig.

In 1894, Fort Craig was sold at auction to the only bidder, the Valverde Land and Irrigation Company. Fort Craig was listed on the

Archaeological Conservancy by the Oppenheimer family and transferred to the Bureau of Land Management
in 1981.

Around 2004, it emerged that 20 bodies had been looted from the cemetery at Fort Craig, evidently by a collector of military memorabilia. To prevent further looting, 67 more sets of remains were exhumed by Federal archaeologists for reinterment at Santa Fe National Cemetery. in 2007.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ a b U.S. Congressional serial set inventory control record 1. 1856. pp. 414–419.
  3. ISBN 978-0-8263-1689-9
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8263-2148-0
  5. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Gallery". NPS.gov. Retrieved 3 Sep 2018.
  6. ^ "Feds Quietly Dig Up 67 Civil War Graves". CBS News. 9 April 2008. Retrieved 3 Sep 2018.

External links

Media related to Fort Craig (New Mexico) at Wikimedia Commons

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