Fourth German Inner Africa Research Expedition
The Fourth German Inner Africa Research Expedition was carried out in Nigeria and Cameroon between 1910 and 1912 under the leadership of ethnographer
Background
Leo Frobenius was a self-taught German ethnologist and archaeologist who specialised in African cultures.[1] He led twelve German Inner Africa Research Expeditions (Deutsche Innerafrikanische Forschungs-Expeditions, DIAFE) to Africa between 1904 and 1935.[2] His work in the field has been described as epic and pioneering and is of considerable documentary value.[3][4] However his conclusions on the development of African civilisation from non-African origins were controversial and are not supported by modern writers.[3] He has also been accused of using the expeditions to loot items of cultural value from Africa.[5]
Expedition
Frobenius led the fourth
Atlantis theory
Frobenius assumed that the bronze heads and terracotta figures he found in his excavations at Ife were too sophisticated to have been made by the local people and believed them to be relics from the mythical city of Atlantis. After discovering one statue he stated "Before us stood a head of marvellous beauty, wonderfully cast in antique bronze, true to the life, encrusted with a patina of glorious dark green. This was, in very deed, the Olokun, Atlantic Africa's Poseidon. I was moved to silent melancholy at the thought that this assembly of degenerate and feeble-minded posterity should be the legitimate guardians of so much loveliness". He was mistaken however, the statues had in fact been created between the 12th and 15th centuries AD by Ife sculptors.[10] Frobenius formally announced his "discovery" of the existence of Atlantis on 29 January 1911 whilst he was in Togo.[11]
Frobenius published his findings in twelve volumes entitled Atlantis between 1921 and 1928. He included an in depth study of Yoruba culture, religion and mythology and his theory that they were descended from then ancient inhabitants of Atlantis.[12] Despite removing numerous artefacts Frobenius had no licence to do so and was tried in a Nigerian court for trafficking.[12] Six terracotta heads from figures that Frobenius excavated at Ife were acquired by the British Museum in 1927.[13]
References
- ^ Schmidt, Wolbert; Thubauville, Sophia (2015). Cultural Research in Northeast Africa: German Histories and Stories. Frankfurt: Frobenius-Institut. p. 173.
- ISSN 0002-7294.
- ^ a b Wintjes, Justine (November 2013). "The Frobenius expedition to Natal and the Cinyati archive". Southern African Humanities: 167. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- ^ Wintjes, Justine (November 2013). "The Frobenius expedition to Natal and the Cinyati archive". Southern African Humanities: 168. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- ^ Wintjes, Justine (November 2013). "The Frobenius expedition to Natal and the Cinyati archive". Southern African Humanities: 170. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- ^ "Expeditions - Frobenius-Institut Frankfurt am Main". www.frobenius-institut.de. Frobenius Institute. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ a b "Collection online". British Museum. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
- ^ University of Melbourne (1955). "Article". Meanjin Quarterly. 14: 501.
- ISBN 9780674780262.
- ^ Busari, Stephanie (21 June 2010). "The African sculptures mistaken for remains of Atlantis - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
- ^ "GERMAN DISCOVERS ATLANTIS IN AFRICA; Leo Frobenius Says Find of Bronze Poseidon Fixes Lost Continent's Place". New York Times. 30 January 1911. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-57958-046-9. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
- ^ "Collection online". British Museum. Retrieved 7 October 2016.