François-Charles de Velbrück
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François Charles de Velbrück (1719–1784) was a German ecclesiastic. He was
Early life
Velbrück was born at
In 1757 he was put in charge of a diplomatic mission to the court at Vienna. In 1759 he became grand master of the household and prime minister to
Prince-bishop of Liège
His reign saw the birth of several social, artistic and intellectual initiatives. As an '
Velbrück also reformed education, making it open to all by creating free charity schools for poor children and an Education Plan for the Youth of the Country of Liège. Put in charge of executing the decree for the suppression of the Jesuits in Liège in 1773, he handed over their Collège en Isle over to his clergy in 1786 to use as a seminary. He modernised teaching by giving more importance to physical sciences and mathematics and the human sciences, which provided the students with useful objectives for their critical judgment. He also planned to create a large public library. Velbrück was a great protector of the arts and his actions were essential to the renaissance in arts in the bishopric. In 1774 he launched the construction of a public academy of painting, sculpture and engraving.
Finally, his most notable work was the 1779 foundation of the Société littéraire de Liège and the Société d’Emulation, a meeting-place for Liège's intelligentsia and for them to come into contact with foreign scholars – these societies' many activities included presentations of scientific discoveries and artists' and poets' works.
It was later claimed that he was also a freemason, effectively a member of a Liège lodge, the Parfaite Intelligence et l'Etoile Réunies, but proof has never been produced. The Master of this lodge, Dwelshauwers-Dery, wrote in his history of freemasonry in Liège: Après avoir fouillé nombre d'archives inconnues jusqu'ici, je n'ai trouvé aucune preuve que le Prince de Velbrück ait été franc-maçon. This has not been convincingly contradicted since.
He died at
The people were instructed by his care, his kindness / He welcomed the arts, advanced their progress, / At the Emulation he opened a sanctuary, / Was its protector and tutelary god. / Good, affable and humane, Velbrück was at once / Both an
Maecenas in the midst of the people of Liège[2]
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d e f g Georges de Froidcourt, "Velbruck (François-Charles, comte de)", in Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 26 (Brussels, 1936-1938), 523-531.
- ^ Le peuple fut instruit par ses soins, ses bienfaits,
Il accueillit les arts, avança leurs progrès,
A l'Emulation ouvrit un sanctuaire,
En fut le protecteur et le dieu tutélaire.
Bon, affable et humain, Velbrück fut à la fois
Un Auguste, un Mécène au milieu des Liégeois
Bibliography
- Joseph Daris, Histoire du diocèse et de la principauté de Liège, Liège, 1868, tome I : François-Charles de Velbruck, p. 261 et suiv.
- Reynier, Éloge de feu Son Altesse Célcissime Monseigneur François-Charles des comtes de Velbruck, 1785.
- J. de Theux, Le chapitre de Saint-Lambert, Bruxelles, 1872, vol. IV, p. 49.
- Georges de Froidcourt, Velbrück prince-évêque philosophe, Liège, Gothier et fils, 1948. In-8°, 83 p., tirage limité à 301 exemplaires don't 300 sur vélin anglais.
- Paul Harsin, "Velbruck, sa carrière politique et son élection à l'épiscopat liégeois", dans, La Vie wallonne, décembre 1924 et janvier 1925.
- Paul Harsin, "Velbruck, le prince, l'évêque", dans, La Terre wallonne, mai 1929, p. 70.
- Ophoven, Continuation du Recueil héraldique des Seigneurs bourgmestres de Liége, 1783, p. 207 et seq.
- Th. Gobert, Liège à travers les âges, volume V, p. 499 et seq.
- J. Kuntziger, Essai historique sur la propagande des Encyclopédistes Français en Belgique au XVIIIe siècle, Bruxelles, Hayez, 1879.
- Henri Francotte, La propagande des Encyclopédistes français au Pays de Liège, Bruxelles, Hayez, 1880).
- Jules Helbig, Éloge académique du Prince de Velbruck, 1881.
- Georges de Froidcourt, François-Charles, comte de Velbruck, prince-évêque de Liège, Franc-maçon, Liège, 1936.
- Ulysse Capitaine, Aperçu historique sur le Franc-Maçonnerie à Liège avant 1830, iège, 1853
- A. Cordier, Histoire de l'Ordre Maçonnique en Belgique, Mons, 1854
- Dwelshauwers-Dery, Histoire de la Franc-Maçonnerie à Liège avant 1820, Bruxelles, 1879.
- Paul Duchaine, La Franc-Maçonnerie Belge au XVIIIe siècle, Bruxelles, 1911
- Bertrand Van der Schelden, La franc-maçonnerie belge sous le régime autrichien, Louvain, 1923
- Un siècle de franc-maçonnerie dans nos régions, 1740–1840, Bruxelles, 1983
External links
- Biography of Velbruck Archived 30 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine