Francis Rous

Francis Rous, also spelled Rouse (c. 1581 to 1659), was an English politician and

Stepbrother of Parliamentary leader

Under the Protectorate, he moved away from his Presbyterian colleagues, becoming closer to the religious Independents, and Oliver Cromwell. He died in January 1659, and was buried in Eton College Chapel.

Biography

Francis Rous was born at

At some point after 1601, he married Philippa, 1575 to 1657; their son Francis, (1615–1643), became a distinguished classicist and doctor, but was disinherited by his father for marrying without his approval.[1]

Career

Sir Anthony Rous was a devout

As legal training was then considered part of an education, he attended the Middle Temple for a short period in 1601, but moved to Landrake, in Cornwall. There are few details of his life prior to 1626, although he produced several books,^[5] and Rous claimed in 1641 that he spent some of 1609 travelling in Europe with Sir Thomas Overbury, victim in one of the most famous murder cases of the period.^[3]

Understanding individuals from this period requires an appreciation of the centrality of religious belief in daily life, and politics. With the exception of Independents, who opposed any state church, most people believed in a 'universal' church, where everyone belonged to the same structure, and used the same practices; where Charles I, William Laud, Rous and others disagreed was the form it took, particularly within the Church of England. It was taken for granted good government depended on 'true religion', and as many also believed the Second Coming was imminent, it gave debates on what that meant a real urgency and importance.^[6]

"Puritan" was a term for anyone who wanted to reform, or 'purify', the Church of England, the most prominent being Presbyterians. Most of these factions considered themselves part of the national church; those who were expelled by the 1662 Act of Uniformity became Nonconformists. Like John Pym, Rous was a passionate opponent of Arminianism; between 1619 and 1623, he published three works focusing on idolatry and 'carnal gloriations' among the priesthood.^[7]

In 1626, he was elected

After 1647, Rous moved closer to the Independents like Oliver Cromwell, and supported Charles' execution in 1649; since Presbyterians believed a 'well-ordered' monarchy was divinely mandated, The Protectorate presented a problem.^[11] In April 1649, he published a pamphlet titled The Lawfulness of Obeying the Present Government; claiming to be written by a 'true Presbyterian', this argued scripture required obedience to authority, regardless of who wielded it.^[12]

In early 1652, he served on the Committee for Propagation of the Gospel; led by

He was MP for Cornwall in 1656, along with Pym's nephew, Anthony Nicholl, but rejected a seat in the newly created Upper House. His wife Philippa was terminally ill, and died in December 1657; Rous followed in January 1659. His will left £50 to his grandson, 'so long as he shall be in preparation towards a profession', and funded three scholarships for Etonians to attend Pembroke College. He was buried in Eton College Chapel.^[1]

Bibliography; significant works

• 1616; Meditations of Instruction, of Exhortation, of Reprofe: indeavouring the Edification and Reparation of the House of God
• 1619; The Arte of Happines, consisting of three Parts, whereof the first searcheth out the Happinesse of Man, the second particularly discovers and approves it, the third sheweth the Meanes to attayne and increase it;
• 1622; Diseases of the Time attended by their Remedies;
• 1623; Oyl of Scorpions;
• 1626; Testis Veritatis; a reply to Richard Montagu's Appello Caesarem;
• 1641; Catholicke Charity; originally written in response to a 1630 work of the Catholic Tobie Matthew, but could not be printed in the Laudian 1630s.^[15]
• 1643; The Psalmes of David in English Meeter; used by the Church of Scotland until mid 19th century;
• 1649; The Lawfulness of Obeying the Present Government;

References

Sources

• Bremer, Francis; Webster, Tom (2006). Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America. ABC-CLIO.
  ISBN 978-1576076781
  .
• Burrow, Colin (2008). "Rous, Francis".
  doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24171. (Subscription or UK public library membership
  required.)
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rous, Francis" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 774.
• Hunneyball, Paul (2010). ROUS, Francis (1581-1659), of Landrake, Cornw.; later of Brixham, Devon, Eton, Bucks. and Acton, Mdx; in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604-1629. CUP.
  ISBN 978-1107002258
  .
• Lamport, Mark A.; Forrest, Benjamin K. (2019). Hymns and Hymnody: Historical and Theological Introductions, Volume 2: From Catholic Europe to Protestant Europe. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
  ISBN 978-1-5326-5127-4
  . Retrieved 3 June 2020.
• Little, Patrick (2008). Oliver Cromwell: New Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan.
  ISBN 9781137018854
  .
• Macleod, Donald (Autumn 2009). "The influence of Calvinism on politics" (PDF). Theology in Scotland. XVI (2).
• McGee, Sears J (2004). "Francis Rous and "scabby or itchy children": The Problem of Toleration in 1645". Huntington Library Quarterly. 67 (3).
  doi:10.1525/hlq.2004.67.3.401
  .
• Petersen, Randy (2014). Be Still, My Soul: The Inspiring Stories behind 175 of the Most-Loved Hymns. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.
  ISBN 978-1-4143-8842-7
  . Retrieved 3 June 2020.
• Prögler, Daniela (2013). English Students at Leiden University, 1575-1650. Routledge.
  ISBN 978-1409437123
  .
• Royle, Trevor (2004). Civil War: The Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1638–1660 (2006 ed.). Abacus.
  ISBN 978-0-349-11564-1
  .
• Sharpe, Kevin (2000). Remapping Early Modern England: The Culture of Seventeenth-Century Politics. Cambridge University Press.
  ISBN 978-0521662932
  .
• Wedgwood, CV (1955). The King's Peace, 1637-1641 (1983 ed.). Penguin Classics.
  ISBN 978-0140069907
  .