Frank Patrick (ice hockey)
Frank Patrick | |||
---|---|---|---|
Hockey Hall of Fame, 1950 (Builder) | |||
Born |
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | December 21, 1885||
Died |
June 29, 1960 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | (aged 74)||
Height | 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) | ||
Weight | 185 lb (84 kg; 13 st 3 lb) | ||
Position | Defence | ||
Shot | Left | ||
Played for |
ECAHA ) | ||
Playing career | 1904–1924 |
Francis Alexis Patrick (December 21, 1885 – June 29, 1960) was a Canadian professional
Born in Ottawa and raised in Montreal, Patrick first played hockey there along with his brother Lester. In 1904 he made his debut in the top Canadian league, though was limited as he attended McGill University and then moved west to British Columbia with his family in 1907 to establish a lumber company. The Patrick brothers returned to Central Canada in 1909 when they signed with the Renfrew Creamery Kings for one season. The Patrick family sold their lumber company in 1910 and used the proceeds to establish the PCHA, setting up teams in Vancouver, Victoria, and New Westminster. The league soon established itself as a legitimate enterprise, and their champions played for the Stanley Cup starting in 1915. Patrick played for, coached, and managed the Vancouver Millionaires, which won the Cup in 1915, the first team west of Manitoba to do so, and played for the Cup again in 1918, 1921, and 1922, losing each time. Patrick also served as president of the PCHA for nearly its entire existence, and in this role introduced many rules that helped modernize the game, making it both faster and more entertaining.
In 1926 the PCHA, which had since merged with the Western Canada Hockey League and was later renamed the Western Hockey League, was sold to the eastern-based National Hockey League (NHL). Patrick would later join the NHL in 1933, serving first in an executive role for the league and then as coach for the Boston Bruins from 1934 to 1936, and worked with the Montreal Canadiens from 1940 to 1941 in a business management role. Outside of hockey he faced financial difficulties, and died in 1960, four weeks after Lester. In recognition of his role in establishing modern hockey, Patrick was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame as a builder in 1950.
Early life
Patrick's father,
In 1904 Patrick played his first senior games, with the Montreal Victorias of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League, then the top league in Canada; he recorded four goals in the five games played for the team.[11] While back from school during a break in 1905, he briefly joined the Montreal Westmount club and played two games. Lester was also on the team, and this marked the first time the brothers played together.[12]
Patrick enrolled at McGill University in Montreal in 1906, and joined their hockey team.[13] The next year Joe purchased a tract of land in the Slocan Valley in southeastern British Columbia (BC), and moved the family west to Nelson, British Columbia, a town near the land, to start a new lumber company there. Patrick remained in Montreal to complete his studies, as he had one year remaining.[14] He played with the Victorias as well during the season, recording eight goals in eight games (he missed the final two games due to a shoulder injury). While professionalism had been allowed in the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA) at that time, Patrick remained an amateur. He also worked as a referee in league matches, and while he was the youngest official he was considered to be one of the best, the league president at one point calling him the "most competent referee [they'd] seen all winter".[15][c]
Nelson and Renfrew
In April 1908 Patrick graduated from McGill with a Bachelor of Arts degree and was planning to travel west immediately to join his family and work for the new company. However he injured his leg in a baseball game that spring, which forced him to stay in Montreal until September 1908. On arrival he took up a position as a "timer", overseeing the 200 labourers who fell trees.[16] He also joined Lester on the local Nelson Hockey Club, which competed in a regional league.[17] Patrick scored nine goals in the five games he played.[18]
The following year a new top-level league, the
Along with other high-profile players, most famously Cyclone Taylor, who signed for a reported $5,250,[e] the team was nicknamed the "Millionaires".[22] Along with several teammates, the Patricks lived in a boarding house in Renfrew during the season, and players were often seen together about town.[23] While Lester was more out-spoken, Patrick was quiet and reserved, though that changed when the topic of hockey came up. He became quite lively and was open about his ideas on how to improve the game, and what type of tactics could be used.[24] Taylor would later recall he was quite impressed by the brothers knowledge and views, stating that "Frank in particular had an amazing grasp of the science of hockey, and they were both already dreaming about changes that would improve the game".[25]
During the 1909–10 season, Patrick scored 8 goals in 11 games, though the team failed to win the championship.[26] After the season the Creamery Kings went to New York City for an exhibition series against other NHA teams.[27] Patrick was impressed by both the diversity of people living in the city[f] and Madison Square Garden. While it did not have an ice-making plant at the time, Patrick was interested enough to make sketches of the arena, and studied it in detail while he was in New York.[29]
The outlandish salaries offered by Renfrew and other teams were unsustainable, and in response the NHA instituted a salary cap of $8,000 per team for the 1910–11 season.[30] Both Patricks had already returned to Nelson, certain their hockey careers were over anyway.[31] They did help build a rink in Nelson, largely financed by their father.[32] Patrick played a few games for Nelson that winter, but was not seriously committed.[33]
PCHA
Joe sold his lumber company in January 1911, making a profit of around $440,000, of which he gave both Lester and Frank $25,000. In a separate transaction Joe also sold a private interest he had, earning a further $35,000.[34] With this money Joe solicited ideas from his family on what to invest in, and Patrick suggested they establish their own hockey league, one based in BC and that they controlled. It was put to a vote, with both Joe and Frank voting in favour and Lester against, so they agreed to move forward.[32] They incorporated the new league, the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA), on December 7, 1911.[35]
The initial plan was to place teams in large cities in Western Canada, with one each in Vancouver and Victoria (both in BC), and one in Edmonton and Calgary (both in Alberta). Issues in finding support for the Alberta-based teams meant that the new league would only be based in BC initially.[36] The mild weather on the West Coast meant that unlike Central and Eastern Canada natural ice could not be used for games, and so the Patrick family built two arenas: the Denman Arena in Vancouver and the Patrick Arena in Victoria.[37] While the arenas were being built Patrick went east to recruit players, offering up to twice the salary they were making in the NHA to join the new league, and was able to recruit several high-profile names.[38] Patrick managed and played for the Vancouver team,[g] while Lester would do the same for the Victoria team.[40][h] Patrick played all 15 games for Vancouver during the 1912 season,[i] and recorded 23 goals, placing him second on Vancouver for scoring and fourth in the league.[42] The league itself did well and demonstrated it could be a serious challenger to the supremacy of the NHA.[43]
To help bolster attendance and improve his team for the 1912–13 season, Patrick signed his former teammate in Renfrew, Cyclone Taylor, who was considered one of the biggest names in hockey at the time.[44] The signing of Taylor to the PCHA gave the league legitimacy. While the first games of the PCHA's inaugural season only had half the tickets sold, the Millionaires sold out their home opener for the 1912–13 season, Taylor's debut in the league. It was the first sell-out for the PCHA.[45] However even with Taylor on the team, Vancouver (who had now began to be known as the "Millionaires")[46] did not win the league title, finishing second; Patrick again placed fourth overall in league scoring, and third on Vancouver, with 20 points in 16 games.[47][j]
Though the PCHA was effectively a syndicate controlled by the Patrick brothers, initially they had a figurehead president, William Pickering Irving, until 1913 when Patrick assumed the role; he would keep the title for the rest of the league's existence.[40] The PCHA and NHA also came to an agreement that would see an end to player raiding: the PCHA would hold the professional rights to all players west of Port Arthur, Ontario, while the NHA did so for players between Port Arthur and Montreal (players east of that were subject to the Maritime Professional Hockey League).[49] The leagues also agreed to a yearly challenge series between the two teams that won each league for the right to hold the Stanley Cup, effectively ending the challenge era for the Cup.[50] For a third year in a row Vancouver finished second in the league, with Patrick sixth overall in scoring (second on the team), recording 20 points while playing all 16 games in the 1913–14 season.[51]
The
Prior to the start of the 1915–16 season Patrick led efforts to form a new PCHA team in Seattle, the Seattle Metropolitans, and took an active role in helping build their arena, the Seattle Ice Arena.[59] To help bolster the league, he also saw that the agreement with the NHA end, and both leagues began openly courting signed players.[60] Again sitting out to focus on his off-ice roles, Patrick appeared in eight games during the season and recorded four points.[61] Patrick returned to a full-time playing position for 1916–17 to replace Lloyd Cook, who joined the Spokane Canaries.[62] Patrick played in 23 of the 24 games that season, scoring 26 points.[63]
By 1917 the war was causing a serious impact on the PCHA as many players either enlisted or were drafted into the Canadian military.[64] The Spokane franchise was shut down for the 1917–18 season, both as a means to reduce demand on players, and to save money for the league; the players were dispersed to the other three teams.[65] With the changes Patrick again focused on coaching and managing Vancouver and leading the PCHA as a whole.[66] He did appear in one game during the season, scoring a goal. Vancouver defeated Seattle in the playoffs and won the league championship and a chance to play for the Stanley Cup.[67] The National Hockey League (NHL) was formed in November 1917 to replace the NHA as the top league in Central Canada.[68] The NHL kept the agreement to play the PCHA for the Stanley Cup, and the NHL's champion Toronto Arenas hosted Vancouver for the 1918 Stanley Cup Finals.[69] Toronto won the best-of-five series three games to two, with Patrick not playing in any games.[70]
Patrick did not play during the
NHL
By the early 1920s the PCHA was losing money. Seattle folded in 1924, and with only two teams left (Vancouver and Victoria), the Patricks decided to merge with the
In 1933 he was given a position with the NHL as managing director of the league. In this role he served under NHL president
That off-season Art Ross, who had been working as the general manager and coach of the Boston Bruins, offered the coaching position to Patrick for the
Later life
After the WHL disbanded in 1926, Patrick spent the next two years away from hockey. He became involved in prospecting for gold and silver in the Cariboo Mountains region of BC, though was unsuccessful.[91] In 1933 he borrowed money from Joe and invested into mining and oil interests in BC, though gave that up after four years and losing most of the investment, which totaled around $300,000.[92]
In 1928 he helped form a new minor league, the
After his hockey career Patrick had financial issues, which led to him developing an alcohol addiction. Lester tried to help financially, and the NHL provided a $300 per month pension.[96] He also kept working on innovations for hockey, including an unbreakable hockey stick developed with lamination process, however by the time it was finished fibre glass sticks had been created, making Patrick's model obsolete.[97]
Lester died on June 1, 1960, in Victoria.[98] Patrick was not well and was unable to attend the funeral of his brother, and on June 29, 1960, he too died, in Vancouver from a heart attack.[99] Patrick and his wife Catherine had three children: one son and two daughters.[100]
Legacy
Patrick, along with his brother Lester, is credited with helping shape modern hockey. His
Patrick also played a role in the early development of women's hockey. After establishing the PCHA, he helped found the Vancouver Amazons, a women's team. As early as January 1916, the Patrick brothers talked of forming a women's league to complement the PCHA and occupy dates for their arenas in Vancouver and Victoria.[108] The proposal included teams from Vancouver, Victoria, Portland, and Seattle. The league never formed but in January 1917, the Vancouver News-Advertiser reported that wives of the Seattle Metropolitans had assembled a team. In February 1921, Patrick announced a women's international championship series that would be played in conjunction with the PCHA.[109] A series of games were held over that month with teams from Seattle, Vancouver, and Victoria, playing during intermissions of PCHA games.[110] Both Seattle and Victoria's teams disbanded after the series, and Patrick did not further develop a women's league.[111]
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Regular season
|
Playoffs | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | ||
1903–04 | Montreal Victorias | CAHL | 5 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1904–05 | Montreal Westmount | CAHL | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1905–06 | McGill University
|
CIAU | 3 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1906–07 | McGill University | CIAU | 4 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1907–08 | Montreal Victorias | ECAHA | 8 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1908–09 | Nelson HC | WKHL | 5 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1909–10 | Renfrew Creamery Kings | NHA | 11 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1910–11 | Nelson HC | BCBHL | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1911–12 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | 15 | 23 | 0 | 23 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1912–13 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | 14 | 12 | 8 | 20 | 17 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1913–14 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | 16 | 11 | 9 | 20 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1914–15 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1914–15 | Vancouver Millionaires | St-Cup | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | ||
1915–16 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | 8 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1916–17 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | 23 | 13 | 13 | 26 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1917–18 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1922–23 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
1924–25 | Vancouver Maroons
|
WCHL | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
NHA totals | 12 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
PCHA/WCHL totals | 87 | 65 | 36 | 101 | 59 | — | — | — | — | — |
- Stats from Total Hockey[112]
Coaching
Regular season
|
Playoffs | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season | Team | League | GC | W | L | T | Finish | GC | W | L | Result | ||
1934–35 | Boston Bruins | NHL | 48 | 26 | 16 | 6 | 1st, American | 4 | 1 | 3 | Lost in semi-final | ||
1935–36 | Boston Bruins | NHL | 48 | 22 | 20 | 6 | 2nd, American | 2 | 1 | 1 | Lost in semi-final | ||
NHL totals | 96 | 48 | 36 | 12 | — | 6 | 1 | 4 | — |
- Coaching stats from Total Hockey[113]
References
Notes
- ^ There were six children in total: Lester, Frank, Lucinda, Edward, and Dora, and a girl who died in infancy.[3]
- ^ Mitchell later became a Canadian senator.[5]
- ^ Whitehead erroneously states the team was based in Ottawa. See Whitehead 1980, p. 48.
- ^ The ECAHA renamed itself the ECHA in 1908, dropping the word "Amateur".[19]
- ^ The figure $5,250 comes from Whitehead's biography of Taylor. However Cosentino has suggested the base salary was closer to $2,000, with the rest coming from a guaranteed salary outside of hockey and a bond to ensure he would sign. Regardless, Taylor had the highest salary in hockey history. See Whitehead 1977, pp. 105–106 and Cosentino 1990, p. 73.
- ^ Taylor later recalled Patrick "couldn't get over all the languages he heard spoken during a walk along Sixth Avenue".[28]
- ^ The team would later be known as the "Millionaires".[39]
- ^ The Victoria team would be known variously as the "Capitals", "Aristocrats", and "Cougars" during its existence.[41]
- ^ The schedule called for 16 games, but in his role as league executive Patrick had cancelled the last game of the season, as the league standings had been determined.[42]
- ^ Starting in 1912–13 the PCHA kept track of assists; points were the total of goals and assists.[48]
- ^ The most prominent difference in rules was that the PCHA still used the rover, while the NHA had abolished the position; thus PCHA games used seven players (six skaters and a goaltender) on each team, while the NHA used six. See Bowlsby 2012, p. 39.
- ^ Saskatoon had an agreement to sell its players to the Montreal Maroons.[78]
- ^ They would later be renamed the Falcons, and finally Red Wings.[79]
Citations
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 9–10
- ^ a b Whitehead 1980, p. 11
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 10–12, 39
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 10
- ^ a b Whitehead 1980, p. 12
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 11–12
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 13–16
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 14
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 24–26
- ^ Zweig 2015, p. 39
- ^ Coleman 1964, pp. 632–633
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 26
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 26–27
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 39
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 48
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 53–54
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 3
- ^ MacLeod 2021, p. 4
- ^ Kitchen 2008, pp. 160–161
- ^ McKinley 2000, p. 73
- ^ Cosentino 1990, p. 56
- ^ Kitchen 2008, p. 165
- ^ Cosentino 1990, p. 76
- ^ Cosentino 1990, pp. 76–77
- ^ Whitehead 1977, p. 110
- ^ Cosentino 1990, p. 171
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 82
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 84–85
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 85
- ^ McKinley 2009, pp. 62–63
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 90
- ^ a b Bowlsby 2012, p. 6
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 92
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 92–93
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 15
- ^ Wong 2018, p. 679
- ^ Wong 2018, pp. 679–680
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 10–13
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 18–19
- ^ a b Wong 2005, p. 64
- ^ MacLeod 2021, pp. 18, 65, 169
- ^ a b Bowlsby 2012, p. 25
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 29–30
- ^ Wong 2012, p. 243
- ^ Wong 2005, p. 68
- ^ Wong 2012, p. 244
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 46
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 47
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 52
- ^ Wong 2005, p. 69
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 61
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 124–125
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 73
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 76
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 126
- ^ Coleman 1964, p. 277
- ^ Coleman 1964, pp. 282–283
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 85
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 86
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 90–92
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 98
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 110–111
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 115
- ^ MacLeod 2021, pp. 92–93
- ^ MacLeod 2021, pp. 96–97
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 125
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 129–131
- ^ McKinley 2000, pp. 97–98
- ^ Duff 2017, p. 160
- ^ Duff 2017, pp. 175–176
- ^ Coleman 1964, pp. 356–358
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 158
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 221
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 252
- ^ Jenish 1992, pp. 100–102
- ^ Ross 2015, p. 133
- ^ Wong 2005, pp. 95–96
- ^ a b Whitehead 1980, p. 152
- ^ Jenish 2013, pp. 68–73
- ^ Holzman & Nieforth 2002, p. 268
- ^ Jenish 2013, pp. 48–49
- ^ Zweig 2015, pp. 182–183
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 179
- ^ Ross 2015, p. 222
- ^ a b Ross 2015, p. 223
- ^ Zweig 2015, p. 284
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 204
- ^ Zweig 2015, pp. 236–237
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 211–212
- ^ Zweig 2015, p. 237
- ^ a b Whitehead 1980, p. 178
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 185–186
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 161
- ^ MacLeod 2021, pp. 250–51
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 226–227
- ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 249–250
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 250
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 251
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 252
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 130
- ^ Frank Patrick Biography.
- ^ Wong 2018, p. 683
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 53–54
- ^ Boileau & Wolf 2002, p. 53
- ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 127
- ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 20
- ^ Hockey Hall of Fame 2003, p. 20
- ^ Norton 2009, p. 120
- ^ Norton 2009, p. 115
- ^ Norton 2009, pp. 120–121
- ^ Norton 2009, p. 123
- ^ Diamond 2003, p. 622
- ^ Diamond 2003, p. 1941
Bibliography
- Boileau, Ron; Wolf, Philip (2002), "The Pacific Coast Hockey Association: Innovative Pioneer League Took Top Hockey West", in Diamond, Dan (ed.), Total Hockey: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Hockey League (Second ed.), New York: Total Sports Publishing, pp. 51–54, ISBN 1-892129-85-X
- Bowlsby, Craig H. (2012), Empire of Ice: The Rise and Fall of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association, 1911–1926, Vancouver: Knights of Winter, ISBN 978-0-9691705-6-3
- Coleman, Charles L. (1964), The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Volume 1: 1893–1926 inc., Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing, OCLC 957132
- Cosentino, Frank (1990), The Renfrew Millionaires: The Valley Boys of Winter 1910, Burnstown, Ontario: General Store Publishing House, ISBN 0-919431-35-6
- Diamond, Dan, ed. (2003), Total Hockey: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Hockey League, Second Edition, New York: Total Sports Publishing, ISBN 1-894963-16-4
- Frank Patrick Biography, Hockey Hall of Fame, retrieved February 18, 2023
- Duff, Bob (2017), The First Season: 1917–18 and the Birth of the NHL, Windsor, Ontario: Biblioasis, ISBN 978-1-771961-84-4
- Holzman, Morey; Nieforth, Joseph (2002), Deceptions and Doublecross: How the NHL Conquered Hockey, Toronto: Dundurn Press, ISBN 1-55002-413-2
- Hockey Hall of Fame (2003), Honoured Members: Hockey Hall of Fame, Bolton, Ontario: Fenn Publishing, ISBN 1-55168-239-7
- Jenish, D'Arcy (2013), The NHL Centennial History: 100 Years of On-Ice Action & Boardroom Battles, Toronto: Doubleday Canada, ISBN 978-0-385-67146-0
- Jenish, D'Arcy (1992), The Stanley Cup: A Hundred Years of Hockey at its Best, Toronto, Ontario: McClelland & Stewart Inc., ISBN 0-7710-4406-2
- Kitchen, Paul (2008), Win, Tie, or Wrangle: The Inside Story of the Old Ottawa Senators 1883–1935, Manotick, Ontario: Penumbra Press, ISBN 978-1-897323-46-5
- MacLeod, Alan Livingstone (2021), Capitals, Aristocrats, and Cougars: Victoria's Hockey Professionals, 1911–1926, Victoria: Heritage House, ISBN 978-1-77203-373-1
- McKinley, Michael (2009), Hockey: A People's History, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, ISBN 978-0-7710-5771-7
- McKinley, Michael (2000), Putting a Roof on Winter: Hockey's Rise from Sport to Spectacle, Vancouver: Greystone Books, ISBN 1-55054-798-4
- Norton, Wayne (2009), Women on Ice: The Early Years of Women's Hockey in Western Canada, Ronsdale Press, ISBN 978-1-55380-073-6
- Ross, J. Andrew (2015), Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945, Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, ISBN 978-0-8156-3383-9
- Whitehead, Eric (1977), Cyclone Taylor: A Hockey Legend, Toronto: Doubleday Canada, ISBN 0-385-13063-5
- Whitehead, Eric (1980), The Patricks: Hockey's Royal Family, New York City: Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-15662-6
- Wong, John (2018), "The Patricks's Hockey Empire: Cultural Entrepreneurship and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association, 1911–1924", The International Journal of the History of Sport, 35 (7–8): 673–693, S2CID 151023851
- Wong, John Chi-Kit (2012), "Boomtown Hockey: The Vancouver Millionaires", in Wong, John Chi-Kit (ed.), Coast to Coast: Hockey in Canada to the Second World War, Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press, pp. 223–257, ISBN 978-0-8020-9532-9
- Wong, John Chi-Kit (2005), Lords of the Rinks: The Emergence of the National Hockey League 1875–1936, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, ISBN 0-8020-8520-2
- Zweig, Eric (2015), Art Ross: The Hockey Legend Who Built the Bruins, Dundurn Press, ISBN 978-1-4597-3040-3
See also
- List of family relations in the NHL
- List of members of Canada's Sports Hall of Fame
- List of members of the Hockey Hall of Fame
- List of professional sports families
External links
- Biographical information and career statistics from Hockey-Reference.com, or Legends of Hockey, or The Internet Hockey Database