Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca
Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca Estado Libre e Independiente de Cundinamarca | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1811–1814 | |||||||||||||
President | | ||||||||||||
• 1811 | Jorge Tadeo Lozano | ||||||||||||
• 1811-1814 | Antonio Nariño | ||||||||||||
• 1814 | Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
• Established | 1811 | ||||||||||||
• Bolivar takes Santafé | 1814 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Today part of | Colombia |
The Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (
History
Following the
Antonio Nariño, who had been appointed as Mayor of the city of Santafé on August 30, 1811, started pushing for a strong centralist position from the newspaper he created, La Bagatela (or The Triffle). Nariño became a ruthless critic of Lozano, whom he accused of indecisiveness. The aggressive criticisms by Nariño and his followers led to a riot in the city on September 19, 1811, following which president Lozano and his vice president were forced to resign. Fearful of popular rioting, the legislature elected Nariño as president and conceded to his demands that increased the influence of the executive power.[2]
The conflict between centralist and federalist ideas that characterized the following years is called the
Following the defeat, and the subsequent declaration of independence from the Province of Socorro, Nariño resigned as soon as he arrived to the city, but not finding a suitable replacement, he was reinstalled as dictator. Nariño prepared to defend the city, which was sieged on December 24. Nevertheless, on January 9, 1813, in the Battle of San Victorino, Nariño's troops proved superior and the federalist armies were completely defeated. In June 1813, he was appointed dictator for life, and the following month, the Republic of Cundinamarca finally declared independence from the Monarchy.[4][5]
In July 1813, and motivated by his victory over the federalists, General Nariño began an intensive military campaign against the remaining Spanish and Royalist forces in the south, intending to reach Pasto and eventually Quito. Nariño's forces, known as the Army of the South, numbering 1,500 to 2,000 men, managed to capture Popayán in January 1814, but were utterly defeated in Pasto in May 1814, and Nariño was arrested and then sent to the Royal prison at Cádiz via Quito. The federalists took advantage of this to attack Bogotá, which allowed General Simón Bolívar of the United Provinces to force terms in December 1814. By mid-1815, however, Pablo Morillo arrived with a large Spanish force and returned the region to submission to the since-restored Ferdinand. Morillo's campaign culminated with the capture of Santafé on May 6, 1816.[1]
List of Presidents of the Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca
No. | Presidents | Term | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Jorge Tadeo Lozano | 24 March 1811 | 19 September 1811 |
2 | Antonio Nariño y Álvarez | 20 September 1811 | 10 May 1814 |
Luis de Ayala y Vergara (acting) | 25 June 1812 | 5 August 1812 | |
Manuel Benito de Castro Arcaya (acting)
|
19 August 1812 | 12 September 1812 | |
Felipe de Vergara Azcárate y Caycedo (acting)
|
26 November 1812 | 14 December 1812 | |
Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez (acting) | 13 August 1813 | 10 May 1814 | |
3 | Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez | 10 May 1814 | 12 December 1814 |
Annexed by the United Provinces of New Granada |
See also
4°35′N 74°4′W / 4.583°N 74.067°W
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-62673-6.
- ^ Rueda Enciso, José Eduardo. "Lozano, Jorge Tadeo". Banco de la República. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ Ibáñez Sánchez, José Roberto (21 July 2017). "Panorama Militar de la Guerra de Independencia". Banco de la República. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Historia de Cundinamarca". Gobernación de Cundinamarca. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ISBN 9789585154377.