Freemasonry in Romania
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Freemasonry in Romania traces its origins to the 18th century. Following an intricate history, all organised Freemasonry in the country ceased during the Communist era, although some lodges continued to operate in exile overseas. Freemasonry returned to Romania in the 1990s.
History
The beginnings of Freemasonry in the
In advance of the
Romania's Lodges were unified on 8/20 September 1880, when the National Lodge was founded with Constantin Moroiu as Grand Master. Conflict ensued between the National Lodge and certain Moldavian Lodges, as the former indirectly refused to admit
On 12 November 1925 the Great Orient of Romania was formed, which functioned alongside the Grand National Lodge. In 1934, these two merged with the Grand Symbolic Lodge of Transylvania to form the United Romanian Freemasonry, led by
Freemasonry reappeared after the
The Grand Lodge of Romania (Marea Lojă a României), uniting ten Lodges, came into being in 2003. Four more Masonic groups are active: another National Grand Lodge of Romania (Marea Lojă Naţională a României), the National United Grand Lodge of Romania (Marea Lojă Naţională Unită din România), the Feminine Grand Lodge of Romania (Marea Lojă Feminină a României) and the Grand Orient of Romania (Marele Orient al României).[1]
Members
Romanian Freemasons have included:
- Dimitrie Sturdza[1]
- Alexandru Sturdza[1]
- Simion Bărnuțiu[1]
- Teodor Balş[1]
- Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino[1]
- Grigore Brâncoveanu[1]
- Alexandru Vaida-Voevod[1]
- George Valentin Bibescu[1] (Grand Master from 1911 to 1916)
- Constantin Argetoianu[1]
- Nicolae Titulescu[1]
- Carol Davila[1]
- Victor Eftimiu[1]
- Horia Hulubei[1]
- Mihai Ralea[4]: 102
- Gheorghe Asachi[1]
- Ion Heliade Rădulescu[5]
- Eufrosin Poteca[1]
- Ion Câmpineanu[1]
- N. D. Cocea[6][7]
- Octavian Goga[1]
- Alecu Russo[1]
- Titu Maiorescu[1]
- Ion Minulescu[1]
- Alexandru Paleologu[1]
- Traian Vuia[1]
- Duiliu Zamfirescu[1]
- Matei Millo[1]
- Stelian Nistor (Sovereign Grand Inspector General and President of the Scottish Rite from July 2021)[8]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Stoica, pp. 153-55
- ^ Foreign Grand Lodges at the United Grand Lodge of England site
- ^ “Mari Loji recunoscute” at the Marea Lojă Naţională a României site
- ISBN 978-973-726-278-3.
- ^ Djuvara, p. 317; (in Romanian) Dan Amedeo Lăzărescu, "1848: Revoluţia intelectualilor" Archived 2007-05-21 at the Wayback Machine, in Magazin Istoric, June 1998
- ^ (in Romanian) Fabian Anton, "Armenii în masoneria românească" Archived 2011-07-04 at the Wayback Machine, in Ararat Archived 2011-07-04 at the Wayback Machine, Nr. 7/2007, p.6
- ^ Marcel Shapira, "Message" Archived 2012-03-20 at the Wayback Machine, in the National Grand Lodge of Romania Masonic Forum Magazine, Winter 2005
- ^ "A Romanian To Lead The World Freemasonry", Romania Journal, June 23, 2019
References
- ISBN 973-28-0523-4
- Stoica, Stan (editor). Dicţionar de Istorie a României. Bucharest: Editura Merona, 2007.
External links
- National Grand Lodge in Romania (MLNR)
- National United Grand Lodge of Romania (MLNUR)
- Grand Lodge of Romania (MLaR)
- Romanian Grand Lodge UMSOI (MLRUMSOI)
- Grand Orient of Romania (MOaR)
- Traditional Grand Lodge of Romania (MLTR) Archived 2018-10-29 at the Wayback Machine
- National Grand Lodge of Romania
- Regular Grand Lodge of Romania
- (in Romanian) Cornel Micu, "Francmasoneria română: între încredere şi suspiciune" ("Romanian Freemasonry: between Trust and Suspicion"), in KritiK, June 2006.