French nationalism during World War II
This article may require MOS:WORDSTOWATCH.(July 2023) ) |
French nationalism during World War II experienced divided attitudes towards the Nazi occupier, the
In a context of both moral, social and political decline in French society that the extreme right flourished during the interwar period . Undermined by political and financial scandals, the Third Republic was at the same time powerless to curb the effects of the crisis which ravaged France in 1931. Nationalist movements multiplied, advocating for some
French nationalism and the resistance
From the defeat of the
Admiration for
Within the
In 1942, Georges Groussard, who had rallied to Vichy, defected and founded the "Gilbert Network", which would work with the British
Another phenomenon is that of the "vichysto-resistants", resistance fighters who approve of the policy of the Vichy regime but reject the German occupation, including Pierre de Bénouville or the future president of the French republic François Mitterrand, who will evolve left-wing after the war.
One of the most famous French nationalists who joined the fight against Nazi Germany was Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, a former sympathizer of the Action Française[8] and commander of the 2nd Armored Division which took part in the Liberation of France and in the German Campaign of 1945. Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, also one of the great figures in French military history was also an anti-republican nationalist in the interwar period.[citation needed]
French nationalism in collaboration
Another part of the nationalist movement rallied to the collaboration, the French fascists and reactionaries rallied to Marshal Pétain.
The French Popular Party (PPF) of Jacques Doriot was the main political party of the collaboration with Nazi Germany . Marcel Bucard's Parti franciste also participates in the collaboration with the German occupation.[10]
Some members of
The French Milice established by Joseph Darnand was one of the most relentless collaborationist forces during the Vichy regime. This was generally made up of far-right activists and opportunists. Early Milice volunteers included members of France's pre-war far-right parties, such as the Action Française, and working-class men convinced of the benefits of the Vichy government's politics. The Milice persecuted Jews and resistance fighters of all political persuasions (including nationalist resistance fighters) in France.[12]
Legacy
If in the collective imagination, the collaboration was on the far-right, in reality it was not the only composition and a good number of former
Some collaborators were not politicized and were sometimes mafiosos, like Henry Lafont and his Carlingue.
Documentaries
- 1939-1945 – Quand l'extrême droite résistait/When the far-right resisted, 2017.[3]
Bibliography
- Jacques Nobécourt, Le colonel de La Rocque, ou les pièges du nationalisme chrétien, Paris, Fayard, 1996.
- Albin Michel, ed. (2008). Un paradoxe français, antiracistes dans la Collaboration, antisémites dans la Résistance (in French). ).
References
- ^ Jean-Louis Thiériot, « L'Allemagne, passion française », Le Figaro Histoire n°1, avril-mai 2012, p. 40-41.
- ^ a b c "Comment peut-on être assez ignorant pour croire encore que les "collabos" venaient tous de l'extrême-droite et les résistants de la gauche ?". Atlantico (in French). 3 December 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ a b c "TV – " Quand l'extrême droite résistait "". Le Monde.fr (in French). 3 December 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ "QUAND L'EXTRÊME DROITE RÉSISTAIT, 1939-1945". LCP (in French). 3 December 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ Guy Perrier (2001). Perrin (ed.). Rémy. L'agent secret de la France Libre.
- ^ Jacques Nobécourt, communication à l'Académie de Rouen, 7 février 1998, in ALR, n°59, avril 1998
- ^ "Livre-Mémorial de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation". www.bddm.org. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- JSTOR 44436197.
- ^ "Roger Holeindre, cofondateur du Front national, est mort". LEFIGARO (in French). 30 January 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-2-36914-241-6.
- ISBN 978-2-7535-6063-5. Retrieved 30 April 2021..
- ^ Paul Jankowski, "In Defense of Fiction: Resistance, Collaboration, and Lacombe, Lucien". The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 63, No. 3 (Sep., 1991), pp. 462