Fujiwara no Umakai

Fujiwara no Umakai
Fujiwara no Umakai
	Fujiwara no Umakai drawn by Kikuchi Yōsai
Born	694
Died	7 September 737
Nationality	Japanese
Parents	Fujiwara no Fuhito (father)

Fujiwara no Umakai (藤原宇合, 694 – September 7, 737) was a Japanese statesman, courtier, general and politician during the Nara period.^[1] The third son of Fujiwara no Fuhito, he founded the Shikike ("Ceremonials") branch of the Fujiwara clan.

Career

He was a diplomat during the reign of

Shikibu-kyō).^[3]

716 (Reiki 2): Along with Tajihi no Agatamori (多治比縣守), Abe no Yasumaro (阿倍安麻呂) and Ōtomo no Yamamori (大伴山守), Umakai was named to be part of a Japanese diplomatic mission to Tang China in 717-718.^[2] Kibi no Makibi and the Buddhist monk Genbō were also part of the entourage.^[4]
724 (Jinki 1, 1st month): Umakai led an army against the emishi;^[5] but this military campaign was later judged to have been unsuccessful.^[6]
729 (Tenpyō 1): The emperor invested Umakai with the power to raise an army to quash a revolt, but the cause for alarm was dissipated without the need for military action.^[7]
737 (Tenpyō 9): Umakai died at age 44.^[8] A major smallpox epidemic caused the deaths of Umakai and his three brothers.^[9]

Genealogy

This member of the Fujiwara clan was son of Fujiwara no Fuhito.^[1] Umakai had three brothers: Muchimaro, Fusasaki, and Maro. These four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara.^[10]

Umakai's children included: Fujiwara no Hirotsugu^[11] and Fujiwara no Momokawa^[12]

Family

Father: Fujiwara no Fuhito
Mother: Soga no Shōshi (蘇我娼子, ?–?), daughter of Soga no Murajiko (蘇我連子).
- Wife: Isonokami no Kunimina no Ōtoji (石上国盛), daughter of Isonokami no Maro (石上麻呂).
  - 1st son: Fujiwara no Hirotsugu (藤原広嗣, ?–740)
  - 2nd son: Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu (藤原良継, 716–777)
- Wife: Takahashi no Aneko (高橋阿禰娘), daughter of Takahashi no Kasa no Ason (高橋笠朝臣).
  - 3rd son: Fujiwara no Kiyonari (藤原清成, 716–777)
- Wife: unclear name (小治田功麿男牛養女)
  - 5th son: Fujiwara no Tamaro (藤原田麻呂, 722–783)
- Wife: Kume no Wakame (久米若女), daughter of 久米奈保麻呂?
  - 8th son: Fujiwara no Momokawa (藤原百川, 732-779)
- Wife: named (佐伯家主娘), daughter of 佐伯徳麻呂.
  - 9th son: Fujiwara no Kurajimaro (藤原蔵下麻呂, 734–775)
- Children with unknown mother:
  - 4th son: Fujiwara no Tsunate (藤原綱手, ?–740)
  - Daughter: name unknown, wife of Fujiwara no Uona.
  - Daughter: name unknown, wife of Fujiwara no Kosemaro (藤原巨勢麻呂).
  - Daughter: named (掃子), possibly mother of Fujiwara no Tsunatsugu (藤原綱継).

Notes

^ ^a ^b Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Umakai" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 211, p. 211, at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books
^ ^a ^b Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 65, p. 65, at Google Books; see "Fousiwara-no Nokiafi", pre-Hepburn romanization
^ Nussbaum, "Shikibu-kyō" at p. 856, p. 856, at Google Books
^ Fogel, Joshua. (1996). The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, p. 22, p. 22, at Google Books; excerpt, "Like Genbō, Kibi no Makibi remained in China after the embassy ships returned to Japan, returning home himself at the same time as Genbo seventeen years later."
^ Brinkley, p. 223., p. 223, at Google Books
^ Brinkley, p. 220., p. 220, at Google Books
^ Titsingh,p. 68, p. 68, at Google Books
^ Titsingh,p. 69, p. 69, at Google Books
^ Brinkley, p. 190., p. 190, at Google Books
^ Brinkley, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (nan) of the capital, was called Nan-ke; Fusazaki's, being in the north (hoku), was termed Hoku-ke; Umakai's was spoken of as Shiki-ke, since he presided over the Department of Ceremonies (shiki), and Maro's went by the name of Kyō-ke, this term also having reference to his office."
^ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Hirotsugu" at p. 202, p. 202, at Google Books
^ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Momokawa" at p. 206, p. 206, at Google Books

References

Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099

ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128

Nihon Odai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691

[nussbaum211-1] Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Umakai" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 211, p. 211, at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books

[titsingh65-2] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 65, p. 65, at Google Books; see "Fousiwara-no Nokiafi", pre-Hepburn romanization

[3] Nussbaum, "Shikibu-kyō" at p. 856, p. 856, at Google Books

[4] Fogel, Joshua. (1996). The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, p. 22, p. 22, at Google Books; excerpt, "Like Genbō, Kibi no Makibi remained in China after the embassy ships returned to Japan, returning home himself at the same time as Genbo seventeen years later."

[5] Brinkley, p. 223., p. 223, at Google Books

[6] Brinkley, p. 220., p. 220, at Google Books

[7] Titsingh,p. 68, p. 68, at Google Books

[8] Titsingh,p. 69, p. 69, at Google Books

[9] Brinkley, p. 190., p. 190, at Google Books

[10] Brinkley, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (nan) of the capital, was called Nan-ke; Fusazaki's, being in the north (hoku), was termed Hoku-ke; Umakai's was spoken of as Shiki-ke, since he presided over the Department of Ceremonies (shiki), and Maro's went by the name of Kyō-ke, this term also having reference to his office."

[11] Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Hirotsugu" at p. 202, p. 202, at Google Books

[12] Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Momokawa" at p. 206, p. 206, at Google Books

[Brinkley-13] 
Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099

[top-14] Kanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966). A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.

[Cam-15] 
ISBN 9780521223522
.

[Hanawa-16] 平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.

[17] ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0
.

[18] Tyler, Royall (1993). The Book of the Great Practice: The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.

[19] Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002). 藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.

[20] Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. 奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).

[21] ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0
.

[22] ISBN 978-4569761046
.

[23] ttp://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/hamanari.html

[nussbaum-24] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). In Japan Encyclopedia at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915).

[25] Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2004). "『牛屋大臣』藤原是公について" [On "Ushiya-Daijin" Fujiwara no Korekimi]. 奈良時代の藤原氏と諸氏族 [The Fujiwara Clan and Other Clans of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Ohfu.

[26] Kurihara, Hiromu. 藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro]. Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).

[Kurihara-27] ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2
.

[Yoshikawa-28] 公卿補任 [Kugyō Bunin] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1982.

[Kitayama-29] Kitayama, Shigeo (1973). 日本の歴史4 平安京 [History of Japan IV: Heian-kyō] (in Japanese). Chūkō Bunko (中公文庫). p. 242.

[Dict2010-30] ISBN 978-4-642-01458-8
.

[Yamamoto-31] 
ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8
.

[Sasayama-32] ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1
.

[33] Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

[Papinot-34] Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.

[35] OCLC 251325323

[36] Varley, Paul (2000). Japanese Culture. Fourth Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.

[37] ISBN 978-4-8158-0635-4
.

[Owada-38] ISBN 978-4062115780
.

[39] "卷之一百四十二列傳第六十九". 大日本史 (in Japanese). 1715.

[40] ISBN 978-4273031565
.

[41] ISBN 978-4-7576-0513-8
.

[Sansom-42] 
ISBN 0804705232
.

[43] "The World Turned Upside Down" translated by Kathe Roth, p. 27

[Yamada-44] ISBN 978-4784214969
.

[Natanabe-45] 
ISBN 978-4797106558
.

[Sonpi-57-46] "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 57.

[Sonpi–77-47] "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 77.

[Sonpi–64-48] "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 65.

[49] Jinson [in Japanese]. 大乗院日記目録.

[Sonpi–80-50] "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 80.

[51] ネケト. 二条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2004-08-15. Retrieved 2007-09-09.

[52] ネケト. 一条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-08-18.

[1]

[3]

[2]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States