Gallbladder polyp

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Gallbladder polyp
A polyp in the gall bladder as seen on ultrasound

Gallbladder polyps are growths or lesions resembling growths (polypoid lesions) in the wall of the gallbladder. True polyps are abnormal accumulations of mucous membrane tissue that would normally be shed by the body.

Signs and symptoms

Most polyps do not cause noticeable symptoms. Gallbladder polyps are usually found incidentally when examining the abdomen by ultrasound for other conditions, usually abdominal pain.[citation needed]

Pathology

Most small polyps (less than 1 cm) are not cancerous and may remain unchanged for years.

adenocarcinomas.[citation needed
]

Cholesterolosis is characterized by an outgrowth of the mucosal lining of the gallbladder into fingerlike projections due to the excessive accumulation of

macrophages in the epithelial lining.[3] These cholesterol polyps account for most benign gallbladder polyps[citation needed
].

Adenomyomatosis describes a diseased state of the gallbladder in which the gallbladder wall is excessively thick, due to proliferation of subsurface cellular layer. It is characterized by deep folds into the

muscularis propria. Ultrasonography may reveal the thickened gallbladder wall with intramural diverticulae, called Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses.[3]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically by ultrasound or CT imaging.

Upon histopathology of resected gallbladders, gallbladder polyps may be classified into the following main types:[4]

  • Non-neoplastic polyps: Cholesterol, hyperplastic, and inflammatory polyps, adenomyomas, leiomyomas, fibromas, and lipomas
  • Neoplastic polyps: adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas
  • Ultrasound image of gallbladder polyps measuring 3–7 mm.
    Ultrasound image of gallbladder polyps measuring 3–7 mm.
  • Gallbladder polyp types by relative incidence.[5]
    Gallbladder polyp types by relative incidence.[5]
  • Photograph of a 6 mm large hyperplastic polyp of the gallbladder.
    Photograph of a 6 mm large hyperplastic polyp of the gallbladder.
  • Histopathology of a hyperplastic polyp: There is no dysplasia.
    Histopathology of a hyperplastic polyp: There is no dysplasia.

Treatment

Most polyps are benign and do not need to be removed. Surgical removal of the gallbladder (

Laparoscopic surgery is an option for small or solitary polyps.[citation needed
]

Epidemiology

Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder affect approximately 5% of the adult population.

cholelithiasis). Most affected individuals do not have symptoms. The gallbladder polyps are detected during abdominal ultrasonography performed for other reasons.[citation needed
]

The incidence of gallbladder polyps is higher among men than women. The overall prevalence among men of Chinese ancestry is 9.5%, higher than other ethnic types.[7]

References

  1. PMID 15249249
    .
  2. S2CID 23939972
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 14719768
    .
  4. PMID 26617893.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  5. S2CID 211556041
    .
  6. PMID 11930198
    .
  7. S2CID 40202727
    .

External links

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