Gemini (language model)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the language model. For the chatbot, see Gemini (chatbot).

Google Gemini
Developer(s)Google DeepMind
Google AI
Initial releaseDecember 6, 2023; 6 months ago (2023-12-06)
PredecessorGoogle Assistant
PaLM
Available inEnglish
TypeLarge language model
LicenseProprietary
Websitegemini.google.com

Google Gemini is a family of multimodal large language models developed by Google DeepMind, serving as the successor to LaMDA and PaLM 2. Comprising Gemini Ultra, Gemini Pro, and Gemini Nano, it was announced on December 6, 2023, positioned as a competitor to OpenAI's GPT-4. It powers the chatbot of the same name.

History

Development

Further information: Gemini (chatbot) § Background
DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis
(R) spearheaded the development of Gemini.

Bard. Hassabis highlighted the strengths of DeepMind's AlphaGo program, which gained worldwide attention in 2016 when it defeated Go champion Lee Sedol, saying that Gemini would combine the power of AlphaGo and other Google–DeepMind LLMs.[5]

In August 2023,

use cases.[6] Like Bard,[7] Google co-founder Sergey Brin was summoned out of retirement to assist in the development of Gemini, along with hundreds of other engineers from Google Brain and DeepMind;[6][8] he was later credited as a "core contributor" to Gemini.[9] Because Gemini was being trained on transcripts of YouTube videos, lawyers were brought in to filter out any potentially copyrighted materials.[6]

With news of Gemini's impending launch, OpenAI hastened its work on integrating GPT-4 with multimodal features similar to those of Gemini.[10] The Information reported in September that several companies had been granted early access to "an early version" of the LLM, which Google intended to make available to clients through Google Cloud's Vertex AI service. The publication also stated that Google was arming Gemini to compete with both GPT-4 and Microsoft's GitHub Copilot.[11][12]

Launch

On December 6, 2023, Pichai and Hassabis announced "Gemini 1.0" at a virtual press conference.

AlphaCode 2.[15][14] It was made available only in English.[14][16] Touted as Google's "largest and most capable AI model" and designed to emulate human behavior,[17][14][18] the company stated that Gemini would not be made widely available until the following year due to the need for "extensive safety testing".[13] Gemini was trained on and powered by Google's Tensor Processing Units (TPUs),[13][16] and the name is in reference to the DeepMind–Google Brain merger as well as NASA's Project Gemini.[19]

Gemini Ultra was said to have outperformed GPT-4,

Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) test, obtaining a score of 90%.[3][19] Gemini Pro was made available to Google Cloud customers on AI Studio and Vertex AI on December 13, while Gemini Nano will be made available to Android developers as well.[21][22][23] Hassabis further revealed that DeepMind was exploring how Gemini could be "combined with robotics to physically interact with the world".[24] In accordance with an executive order signed by U.S. President Joe Biden in October, Google stated that it would share testing results of Gemini Ultra with the federal government of the United States. Similarly, the company was engaged in discussions with the government of the United Kingdom to comply with the principles laid out at the AI Safety Summit at Bletchley Park in November.[3]

Updates

Google partnered with

Galaxy S24 smartphone lineup in January 2024.[25][26] The following month, Bard and Duet AI were unified under the Gemini brand,[27][28] with "Gemini Advanced with Ultra 1.0" debuting via a new "AI Premium" tier of the Google One subscription service.[29] Gemini Pro also received a global launch.[30]

In February, Google launched "Gemini 1.5" in a limited capacity, positioned as a more powerful and capable model than 1.0 Ultra.

free and open-source LLMs that serve as a lightweight version of Gemini. They come in two sizes, with a neural network with two and seven billion parameters, respectively. Multiple publications viewed this as an response to Meta and others open-sourcing their AI models, and a stark reversal from Google's longstanding practice of keeping its AI proprietary.[35][36][37]

At the Google I/O 2024, Gemini 1.5 Flash is released.[38]

Technical specifications

The first generation of Gemini ("Gemini 1") has three models, with the same software architecture. They are decoder-only transformers, with modifications to allow efficient training and inference on TPUs. They have a context length of 32,768 tokens, with multi-query attention. Two versions of Gemini Nano, Nano-1 (1.8 billion parameters) and Nano-2 (3.25 billion parameters), are distilled from larger Gemini models, designed for use by edge devices such as smartphones. As Gemini is multimodal, each context window can contain multiple forms of input. The different modes can be interleaved and do not have to be presented in a fixed order, allowing for a multimodal conversation. For example, the user might open the conversation with a mix of text, picture, video, and audio, presented in any order, and Gemini might reply with the same free ordering.

Input images may be of different

kHz and then converted into a sequence of tokens by the Universal Speech Model. Gemini's dataset is multimodal and multilingual, consisting of "web documents, books, and code, and includ[ing] image, audio, and video data".[39]

Demis Hassabis claims that training Gemini 1 used "roughly the same amount of compute, maybe slightly more than what was rumored for GPT-4".[40]

The second generation of Gemini ("Gemini 1.5") has two models published so far:[41]

  • Gemini 1.5 Pro. It is a multimodal sparse mixture-of-experts, with context length of "multiple millions".
  • Gemini 1.5 Flash. It is online distilled[42] from Gemini 1.5 Pro, with context length above 2 million.

Reception

See also: Gemini (chatbot) § Reception

Gemini's launch was preluded by months of intense speculation and anticipation, which

blog post declaring that the release of Gemini would "eat the world" and outclass GPT-4, prompting OpenAI CEO Sam Altman to ridicule the duo on X (formerly Twitter).[44][45] Business magnate Elon Musk, who co-founded OpenAI, weighed in, asking, "Are the numbers wrong?"[46] Hugh Langley of Business Insider remarked that Gemini would be a make-or-break moment for Google, writing: "If Gemini dazzles, it will help Google change the narrative that it was blindsided by Microsoft and OpenAI. If it disappoints, it will embolden critics who say Google has fallen behind."[47]

Reacting to its unveiling in December 2023,

Emily Bender, and the University of Galway's Michael Madden cautioned that it was difficult to interpret benchmark scores without insight into the training data used.[43][48] Writing for Fast Company, Mark Sullivan opined that Google had the opportunity to challenge the iPhone's dominant market share, believing that Apple was unlikely to have the capacity to develop functionality similar to Gemini with its Siri virtual assistant.[49] Google shares spiked by 5.3 percent the day after Gemini's launch.[50][51]

Google faced criticism for a demonstrative video of Gemini, which was not conducted in real time.[52]

See also

  • Gato, a multimodal neural network developed by DeepMind

References

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Further reading

External links

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