Gentile de' Becchi

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Probable portrait of Gentile Becchi portrayed by Domenico Ghirlandaio in the Tornabuoni Chapel.[1]

Gentile de' Becchi (1420/1430 – 1497) was an Italian bishop,

Lorenzo the Magnificent and his son Giovanni de' Medici, later Pope Leo X. Of his writings there exist many letters, poems in Latin, and prayers which are praised by historian Cecil Grayson as his finest works.[2]

Early life and priesthood

Gentile de' Becchi was born in Urbino, the son of Giorgio Becchi, member of a family traditionally linked to the powerful Florentine

Medici dynasty.[3] Both the year of his birth and the place of his early studies are unknown.[2]

As a priest, in 1450, with the support of the Medici, he was appointed to the parish of San Giovanni in

canonical prebend of Florence Cathedral, controlling the finances of the diocese for Archbishop Giovanni Neroni,[3] and holding benefices in Decimo, Cascina and Fagna.[2]

In 1473,

Bishop of Arezzo. According to historian Cecil Grayson, although de' Becchi's appointment as Bishop had been orchestrated by Lorenzo, both the Archbishop of Florence and Pope Sixtus IV held him in high esteem for his devotion to the faith, his knowledge, his abilities and his character.[2] Despite his close association with Florence and the Medici family, de' Becchi did not neglect his obligations to Arezzo. He supported the founding of a convent of Poor Clares in the city, licensed the Olivetans to build a church and monastery, and made improvements to the Bishop's palace.[2]

Humanist and teacher

Botticelli
Giovanni, Pope Leo X, as a child, in a fresco by Domenico Ghirlandaio

In 1454, Gentile was chosen by Piero di Cosimo de' Medici as tutor to his sons, the future Lorenzo the Magnificent and his brother Giuliano.[3] In 1466, he accompanied Lorenzo de' Medici on an ambassadorial mission to Pope Paul II. The following year, Gentile accompanied Lorenzo's mother, Lucrezia Tornabuoni, to Rome, to negotiate agreements with the powerful Orsini family in order to arrange betrothal of Clarice Orsini to Lorenzo. Gentile de' Becchi then returned to Rome in April 1469, to accompany Clarice to Florence for her marriage.

Gentile became a prominent member of the Medici Academy, alongside the philosophers

Donato Acciaiuoli.[2] Agnolo Poliziano dedicated his ode Del Lungo, written in the wake of the Pazzi conspiracy, to de' Becchi.[2]

In 1489, Lorenzo chose Gentile as tutor of his second son, Giovanni de' Medici, who had started on an ecclesiastical career in agreement with Pope Innocent VIII. While Lorenzo's wife, Clarice Orsini, who did not share her husband's Platonic ideals, was happy to have the Bishop of Arezzo tutor her son, and wanted him to be given exercises out of the psalter, it caused conflict with Poliziano, of whom she was deeply suspicious.[4] Giovanni was made a cardinal at thirteen and at thirty-eight succeeded Pope Julius II as Pope Leo X.[5][6]

Pazzi conspiracy

Verrocchio
(1480)

In 1478, the

Signoria (Town Council) and forbidding the Florentine clergy from practising.[8]

Gentile de' Becchi, as

Bishop of Arezzo, stood by the Medici, breaking the interdict launched by Pope Sixtus IV against the Florentine clergy. With the archbishop Rinaldo Orsini, he convened a synod of the local clergy and succeeded in returning the normal spiritual and ecclesiastical life to the City of Florence.[9] At the synod, de' Becchi delivered a speech in which he refuted all the arguments put forward by the Pope for the sanctions, and accused the Pope Sixtus of being behind the attack, in order to bring Florence under his control. The speech was immediately printed by Niccolò della Magna and circulated.[2] It is probable that for this reason Gentile de' Becchi's proposal as cardinal was rejected by the Pope.[2]

In 1481, Sixtus commissioned a team of painters including Florentines

Botticelli and Domenico Ghirlandaio to take part in the painting of a series of narrative frescos in the Sistine Chapel. This was part of healing the breach between Florence and the Vatican.[10]

Ambassador

Gentile de' Becchi's oratorial skills made him the chosen representative of the

Medici Palace to be ransacked by an angry mob.[11]

Death

Gentile did not return to Florence after the exile of the Medici. He lived until his death at Villa alle Botte, and died, in 1497, in Arezzo, where his body was buried in Arezzo Cathedral.[3]

References

  1. ISBN 0718112040
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cecil Grayson, Gentile de' Becchi, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani – Volume 7 (1970)
  3. ^ a b c d e f Mediateca di Palazzo Medici Riccardi
  4. ^ Pottinger, pp. 72–74
  5. ^ Hugh Ross-Williamson, pp. 202 and 275
  6. ISBN 0-7064-0857-8
  7. ^ Brucker, pp. 258–9
  8. ^ Hugh Ross-Williamson, p. 177
  9. ^ Hugh Ross-Williamson, p. 178
  10. ISBN 0-88168-139-3
    p. 86
  11. ^ Hugh Ross Williamson, pp. 270–74

Bibliography

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