Gilberto José Marxuach
Gilberto José Marxuach | |
---|---|
Santurce, Puerto Rico | |
Place of burial | |
Allegiance | United States |
Service/ | Army National Guard United States Army |
Years of service | 1928–31, 1940–47 |
Rank | Colonel |
Commands held | 1114th Artillery Co. and the 1558th Engineers Co, 296th Regiment. |
Battles/wars | World War II |
Other work | Founder and first director of the San Juan Civil Defense in Puerto Rico |
Colonel Gilberto José Marxuach a.k.a. "The Father of the San Juan Civil Defense" (November 19, 1910 – April 18, 1957), was a former officer in the United States Army who in 1951 founded and became the first director of the Civil Defense in the City of San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Early years
Marxuach (birth name: Gilberto José Marxuach Acosta
Marxuach was greatly influenced by his father and grew up near Fort San Cristóbal, where his father was stationed. The experience instilled in him a lifetime love for the military, and served as an influential factor in his decision to seek a career in the military. Marxuach graduated from the Central High School in Santurce in 1928. On June 17, 1928, he joined the Puerto Rico National Guard and received his basic training at Camp Las Casas in Santurce. He was given an appointment to attend the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, by Theodore Roosevelt Jr., the United States appointed governor of Puerto Rico.[4] However, an automobile accident left him bedridden for over a year. Upon recovery, he was unable to attend the academy because he was over the age limit.[5]
National Guardsman and educator
Marxuach served in the National Guard until 1931, year in which he enrolled in the University of Puerto Rico. He earned his Bachelor of Science degree in 1936, the same year in which he rejoined the National Guard. In 1937, he joined the Science Department faculty of the University of Puerto Rico as an assistant science professor and in 1938 was promoted to the position of science professor. During this time period, Marxuach married Margarita Ginorio Dominguez (December 23, 1938) and he earned his master's degree in Botany from the University of Michigan.[3][5]
Military career
In 1937, Japan invaded China and in September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. As a precautionary measure, the 295th and 296th Infantry Regiments of the Puerto Rican National Guard, founded by Major General Luis R. Esteves, were called into Federal Active Service and assigned to the Puerto Rican Department in accordance with the existing War Plan Orange.[6] That same month, Marxuach joined the United States Army and on October 15, 1940, was commissioned a second lieutenant. He was assigned to the 295 Regiment at Camp Tortuguero in Puerto Rico and soon after was reassigned to 296th Infantry Regiment.[5]
After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor the U.S. entered the World War II. On January 12, 1944, the 296th Infantry Regiment departed from Puerto Rico to the Panama Canal Zone. During this timeframe Marxuach had been promoted three times, from first lieutenant to major. As major, he served as the commander of the 2nd Infantry Battalion of the 296th. Together with his men, he received intense jungle training and was later put in charge of a rescue mission which searched for the remains of various American soldiers who perished aboard a C-45 Expeditor military aircraft which crashed in the Panamanian jungles.[3][5]
In April 1945, the 296th returned to Puerto Rico and soon after was sent to Honolulu, Hawaii. The 296th arrived on June 25, 1945, and was attached to the Central Pacific Base Command at Kahuku Air Base.[7] By then Marxuach had been promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and was in charge of the 1114th Artillery Co. and the 1558th Engineers Co.[5]
The American participation in the Second World War came to an end in Europe on May 8, 1945, when the western Allies celebrated "V-E Day" (Victory in Europe Day) upon Germany's surrender, and in the Asian theater on August 14, 1945 "V-J Day" (Victory over Japan Day) when the Japanese surrendered by signing the Japanese Instrument of Surrender.[3][5]
The 296th Regiment returned to Puerto Rico on March 6, 1946, and was awarded the American Theater streamer and the Pacific Theater streamer. On November 12, 1946, Marxuach was promoted to colonel. In 1947, he retired as regimental executive officer of Headquarters Co. of the 296th, due to a service-related disability. The 296th was deactivated that same year.[8]
During his military career, Marxuach attended the Infantry School at
Founder of the San Juan Civil Defense
Marxuach enrolled in the law school of the University of Puerto Rico upon his retirement from the Army. He worked in the institution's Carnegie Library and used the extra income to help pay for his tuition. On June 27, 1949, Marxuach earned his law degree and set up a private law practice in San Juan.[3]
In 1951, Marxuach joined the municipal administration of Felisa Rincón de Gautier (1897–1994), also known as "Doña Fela," the first woman to be elected as the mayor of a capital city in any of the Americas, where he served as municipal legal advisor. Among his responsibilities were representing the mayor on official matters whenever warranted.[10] Marxuach was given the task of organizing the San Juan Municipal Civil Defense and on March 8, 1952, became its first director. The Civil Defense was established during the Cold War to prepare civilians for a nuclear military attack.[5]
Later years and legacy
Marxuach held the positions of San Juan municipal legal advisor and director of the city's Civil Defense until April 18, 1957, when he died after a brief sudden illness in his house in Santurce. Marxuach was buried with full military honors in the Puerto Rico National Cemetery, in the Bayamón.[11] He was survived by his wife, Margarita Ginorio Dominguez (1910–1994) and his three children, Gilberto, Maria del Socorro and Margarita.[3]
On June 26, 1970, the Mayor of San Juan,
Military decorations and awards
Among Colonel Gilberto José Marxuach's many military decorations are the following:
1 | American Defense Service Medal | American Campaign Medal | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
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2 | World War II Victory Medal | Army of Occupation Medal | award numeral 10
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See also
- List of Puerto Ricans
- List of Puerto Rican military personnel
- Military history of Puerto Rico
- Other members of the Marxuach family
Notes
- Spanish name, the first or paternal surnameis Marxuach and the second or maternal family name is Acosta.
References
- ^ house of Puerto Rico San Diego
- ^ José Julián Acosta Archived November 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e f "Gilberto Marxuach Acosta"; El Mundo; by: Luis O'Niel de Milan; June 7, 1957
- ^ Theodore Roosevelt Association's bio on Ted Jr.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Col. Gilbert Marxuach se retira del Ejército"; El Mundo; by: R. Santiago Sosa, 1946
- ^ Marin, Hector. "Puerto Rican Units (World War II)". Hispanics in the Defense of America. Hispanic America USA. Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
- ^ Shelby, Stanton (1984). World War II Order of Battle. New York: Galahad Books.
- ^ "The Puerto Rican Soldier". El Pozo Productions. 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
- ^ "Army of the United States"; Separation Qualification Record; Pg.2
- ^ "heroe del 65 Satisfecho de Haber Cumplido su Deber"; El Mundo; May 2, 1952
- ^ Puerto Rico National Cemetery
- ^ "House Offices get New Nuclear Center"; The San Juan Star; Saturday, June 27, 1970; Page 6