Gladysvale Cave

Coordinates: 25°54′S 27°45′E / 25.900°S 27.750°E / -25.900; 27.750
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Gladysvale Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind
Map showing the location of Gladysvale Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind
Map showing the location of Gladysvale Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind
Location in Gauteng
LocationGauteng, South Africa
Nearest cityKrugersdorp, South Africa
Coordinates25°54′S 27°45′E / 25.900°S 27.750°E / -25.900; 27.750
AreaLess than 200 square metres (2,200 sq ft)
EstablishedIncorporated into the Cradle of Humankind1999
Governing bodyCradle of Humankind and private landowner

Gladysvale Cave is a fossil-bearing

South African National Heritage Site.[1]

History of investigations

The Norton family of Krugersdorp, South Africa, with Gladys (center) after whom Gladysvale Cave is named

Gladysvale is the first cave that

Lee Berger and Andre Keyser in 1991. Within a few weeks of excavation the first hominid remains were discovered – two teeth of Australopithecus africanus. This discovery made Gladysvale the first new early hominid site to be discovered in South Africa since 1948 (when the last site – Swartkrans – was discovered by Robert Broom).[2]

Since the discovery of these teeth more than a quarter of a million fossils have been recovered from Gladysvale during excavations conducted by joint teams from the University of the Witwatersrand, the University of Zurich and Duke University.[4]

Recovered fossils

Students on a field school working in the Gladysvale external deposits
A 3-D reconstruction of the three main caves at Gladysvale

Many thousands of fossils have been recovered from the Gladysvale deposits including rare remains of hominids. From the Gladysvale external deposits, almost a quarter of a million bones have been recovered since excavations began in 1992. There are many millions of bones still in place in the cave. Fossils recovered include

Homo.[4]

Tools have also been found with the most spectacular being an

Acheulean handaxe
(pictured), recovered from 1 million year old sediments.

Geology

Gladysvale has become well known for its exceptional horizontally-bedded stratigraphy and has been the site of the testing of many of the absolute dating techniques which have proved successful on the hard to date breccias of the South African fossil-bearing caves. The site is presently divided into three cave systems with the upper cave holding the Gladysvale Internal Deposits and an External Deposit (pictured in 3-D). Gladysvale was one of the first sites in Africa to be 3-D digitally mapped by Peter Schmid and students from the University of Zurich.[4]

Age of the deposits

The Gladysvale sequence has been dated using a combination of biostratigraphy, palaeomagnetism (Andy Herries, La Trobe University, Australia), electron spin resonance and uranium series dating (Robyn Pickering, U. Melbourne, Australia). The youngest deposits are thought to be around 54,000 years old while the oldest deposits that are the likely source of the Au. africanus fossils are around 2.4–2.0 million years old. The Gladysvale External deposits contain extensive faunal remains and date to between 780,000 and 530,000 years ago. An Acheulian handaxe was recovered from internal deposits older than the Bruhnes-Matuyama boundary at 780,000 years.

References

  1. ^ "9/2/233/0017 – Gladysvale, Uitkomst 499 JQ, Gauteng". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  2. ^
    PMID 8238287
    .
  3. ^ Berger; et al. (1992b). Gladysvale Unveiled. S. Afr. J. Sci.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-1-77007-065-3
    .

External links
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