Gauteng

Coordinates: 26°S 28°E / 26°S 28°E / -26; 28
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Gauteng
Unity in Diversity
Map showing the location of Gauteng in the north-central part of South Africa
Location of Gauteng in South Africa
Country South Africa
Established28 April 1994
CapitalJohannesburg
Municipalities
List
Government
 • Type
US$134.7 billion [3]
HDI (2021)0.736[4]
high · 2nd of 9
Websitewww.gauteng.gov.za
Gauteng
ZulueGoli
XhosaiRhawuti
AfrikaansGauteng
SepediGauteng
SesothoGauteng
SetswanaGauteng
XitsongaeXilungwini
VendaMakhuwani
Southern NdebeleiGauteng

Gauteng (

Sotho-Tswana for 'place of gold'; Zulu: eGoli or iGoli [îːˈgóːlì]) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa
.

Situated on the

Ekurhuleni and the affluent Sandton. Gauteng is the most populous province in South Africa with a population of approximately 16.1 million according to mid year 2022 estimates.[7]

Etymology

The name Gauteng is derived from the

Sepedi
the name Gauteng was used for Johannesburg and surrounding areas long before it was adopted in 1994 as the official name of the province.

History

A snippet of text showing the Sesotho word "Gaudeng" (modern Gauteng) in Jacottet's A practical method to learn Sesuto: with exercises and a short vocabulary, published in 1906

Gauteng was formed from part of the old

Transvaal Province after South Africa's first multiracial elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially called PretoriaWitwatersrandVereeniging (PWV), and was renamed "Gauteng" on the 28th of June 1995, the same day two other provinces were renamed.[8] The term "PWV" describing the region existed long before the establishment of a province by that name,[10] with the "V" sometimes standing for "Vaal Triangle" rather than Vereeniging.[11][12]

At the Sterkfontein caves, some of the oldest fossils of hominids have been discovered, such as Mrs. Ples and Little Foot.[13]

Events in this area were not written down until the 19th century;[13] information from before that time is lost or difficult to confirm.[13] The first records are from the early 19th century, when settlers originating from the Cape Colony defeated chief Mzilikazi and started establishing villages in the area.[13]

The city of Pretoria was founded in

Cullinan in the year 1905.[10]

Many events crucial to the anti-

Soweto Uprising of 1976 and Sharpeville Six of 1984.[10] The Apartheid Museum documents this era.[10]

Law and government

The Johannesburg City Hall, home of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature

Gauteng is governed by the

unicameral legislature elected by party-list proportional representation. The legislature elects one of its members as Premier of Gauteng to lead the executive, and the Premier appoints an Executive Council of up to 10 members of the legislature to serve as heads of the various government departments. The provincial government is responsible for the topics allocated to it in the national constitution
, including such fields as basic education, health, housing, social services, agriculture and environmental protection.

The most recent election of the provincial legislature was

held on 8 May 2019, and the African National Congress (ANC) won 50.19% of the vote and a 37-seat majority in the legislature. The official opposition is the Democratic Alliance, which won 27.45% of the vote and 20 seats. Other parties represented are the Economic Freedom Fighters with eleven seats and the Freedom Front Plus with three seats. The Inkatha Freedom Party and African Christian Democratic Party hold one seat each.[14] Premier David Makhura of the ANC was re-elected as premier on 22 May 2019, at the first meeting of the legislature after the general election.[15] Makhura resigned from the position on 6 October 2022 and Panyaza Lesufi
of the ANC was elected to replace him.

The Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa, which has seats in Pretoria and Johannesburg, is a superior court with general jurisdiction over the province. Johannesburg is also home to the Constitutional Court, South Africa's highest court, and to a branch of the Labour Court and Labour Appeal Court.

Geography

The undulating hills that form part of the rural areas in the province just north of Johannesburg. Although Gauteng is a heavily urbanised province, much of its area is extensively cultivated for agriculture.

Gauteng's southern border is the

Mpumalanga[8] to the east. Gauteng is the only landlocked province of South Africa without a foreign border.[8] Most of Gauteng is on the Highveld, a high-altitude grassland (circa 1,500 m or 4,921 ft above sea level). Between Johannesburg and Pretoria, there are low parallel ridges and undulating hills, some part of the Magaliesberg Mountains and the Witwatersrand. The north of the province is more subtropical, due to its lower altitude and is mostly dry savanna
habitat.

Witwatersrand area

In the southern half of Gauteng, the Witwatersrand area is an older term describing a 120 km wide oblong-shaped conurbation from

Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality), Central Rand (approximately today's Johannesburg Municipality) and West Rand.[16][17]

Climate

The climate is mostly influenced by altitude. Even though the province is at a subtropical latitude, the climate is comparatively cooler, especially in Johannesburg, at 1,700 m (5,577 ft) above sea level (Pretoria is at 1,330 m or 4,364 ft). Most precipitation occurs as brief afternoon thunderstorms; however, relative humidity never becomes uncomfortable. Winters are crisp and dry with frost occurring often in the southern areas. Snow is rare, but it has occurred on some occasions in the Johannesburg metropolitan area.[18][19]

Climate data for Pretoria (1961–1990 with extremes 1951–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.2
(97.2)
36.3
(97.3)
35.0
(95.0)
32.5
(90.5)
29.4
(84.9)
26.0
(78.8)
26.0
(78.8)
30.0
(86.0)
34.0
(93.2)
36.0
(96.8)
35.7
(96.3)
36.0
(96.8)
36.3
(97.3)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 33.2
(91.8)
32.1
(89.8)
31.2
(88.2)
28.7
(83.7)
25.9
(78.6)
23.2
(73.8)
23.5
(74.3)
27.1
(80.8)
31.1
(88.0)
32.2
(90.0)
32.6
(90.7)
32.7
(90.9)
34.3
(93.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.5
(83.3)
28.0
(82.4)
26.9
(80.4)
24.1
(75.4)
21.8
(71.2)
18.9
(66.0)
19.5
(67.1)
22.1
(71.8)
25.5
(77.9)
26.6
(79.9)
27.0
(80.6)
28.0
(82.4)
24.7
(76.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 22.6
(72.7)
22.1
(71.8)
21.0
(69.8)
17.9
(64.2)
14.7
(58.5)
11.5
(52.7)
11.9
(53.4)
14.7
(58.5)
18.6
(65.5)
20.1
(68.2)
21.0
(69.8)
21.9
(71.4)
18.2
(64.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 17.8
(64.0)
17.3
(63.1)
16.1
(61.0)
12.6
(54.7)
8.2
(46.8)
4.8
(40.6)
4.8
(40.6)
7.6
(45.7)
11.9
(53.4)
14.4
(57.9)
15.8
(60.4)
16.8
(62.2)
12.3
(54.1)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 14.1
(57.4)
13.7
(56.7)
11.8
(53.2)
7.6
(45.7)
3.7
(38.7)
0.7
(33.3)
0.9
(33.6)
2.7
(36.9)
5.8
(42.4)
8.9
(48.0)
10.9
(51.6)
12.9
(55.2)
0.1
(32.2)
Record low °C (°F) 7.5
(45.5)
10.4
(50.7)
5.5
(41.9)
3.3
(37.9)
−1.5
(29.3)
−4.5
(23.9)
−4.5
(23.9)
−4.0
(24.8)
−0.5
(31.1)
3.0
(37.4)
6.6
(43.9)
6.5
(43.7)
−4.5
(23.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 135
(5.3)
76
(3.0)
79
(3.1)
54
(2.1)
13
(0.5)
7
(0.3)
3
(0.1)
5
(0.2)
20
(0.8)
73
(2.9)
100
(3.9)
108
(4.3)
673
(26.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.9 7.8 7.6 5.2 1.8 0.6 0.7 1.4 2.0 6.0 9.5 10.8 64.3
Average
relative humidity
(%)
62 63 63 63 56 54 50 45 44 52 59 61 56
Mean monthly sunshine hours 260.8 235.3 253.9 245.8 282.6 270.8 289.1 295.5 284.3 275.2 253.6 271.9 3,218.8
Source 1: NOAA,[20] Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes)[21]
Source 2: South African Weather Service[22]
Climate data for Johannesburg (Averages: 1961–1990 – extremes: 1951–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.4
(106.5)
33.5
(92.3)
31.9
(89.4)
29.3
(84.7)
26.4
(79.5)
23.1
(73.6)
24.4
(75.9)
26.2
(79.2)
30.0
(86.0)
32.2
(90.0)
38.5
(101.3)
39.4
(102.9)
41.4
(106.5)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 30.2
(86.4)
29.1
(84.4)
28.0
(82.4)
25.5
(77.9)
23.0
(73.4)
20.4
(68.7)
21.1
(70.0)
24.4
(75.9)
28.4
(83.1)
29.4
(84.9)
29.5
(85.1)
29.8
(85.6)
31.4
(88.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 25.6
(78.1)
25.1
(77.2)
24.0
(75.2)
21.1
(70.0)
18.9
(66.0)
16.0
(60.8)
16.7
(62.1)
19.4
(66.9)
22.8
(73.0)
23.8
(74.8)
24.2
(75.6)
25.2
(77.4)
21.9
(71.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 19.5
(67.1)
19.0
(66.2)
18.0
(64.4)
15.3
(59.5)
12.6
(54.7)
9.6
(49.3)
10.0
(50.0)
12.5
(54.5)
15.9
(60.6)
17.1
(62.8)
17.9
(64.2)
19.0
(66.2)
15.5
(59.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.7
(58.5)
14.1
(57.4)
13.1
(55.6)
10.3
(50.5)
7.2
(45.0)
4.1
(39.4)
4.1
(39.4)
6.2
(43.2)
9.3
(48.7)
11.2
(52.2)
12.7
(54.9)
13.9
(57.0)
10.1
(50.2)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8)
10.3
(50.5)
8.5
(47.3)
4.7
(40.5)
1.6
(34.9)
−1.9
(28.6)
−1.9
(28.6)
−0.6
(30.9)
1.8
(35.2)
4.7
(40.5)
7.3
(45.1)
9.5
(49.1)
−3.1
(26.4)
Record low °C (°F) 7.2
(45.0)
6.0
(42.8)
2.1
(35.8)
0.5
(32.9)
−2.5
(27.5)
−8.2
(17.2)
−5.1
(22.8)
−5.0
(23.0)
−3.3
(26.1)
0.2
(32.4)
1.5
(34.7)
3.5
(38.3)
−8.2
(17.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 125
(4.9)
90
(3.5)
91
(3.6)
54
(2.1)
13
(0.5)
9
(0.4)
4
(0.2)
6
(0.2)
27
(1.1)
72
(2.8)
117
(4.6)
105
(4.1)
713
(28.1)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 15.9 11.2 11.9 8.6 2.9 2.0 1.0 2.1 3.8 9.8 15.2 14.9 99.3
Average
relative humidity
(%)
69 70 68 65 56 53 49 46 47 56 65 66 59
Mean monthly sunshine hours 250.1 224.8 238.8 236.9 276.0 266.9 283.9 284.1 280.8 269.5 248.7 263.9 3,124.4
Mean daily daylight hours 13.6 13.0 12.2 11.5 10.8 10.5 10.7 11.2 12.0 12.7 13.4 13.8 12.1
Average ultraviolet index 14 14 12 9 6 5 5 7 9 12 14 14 10
Source 1:
NOAA[24]
Source 2: South African Weather Service[25] Weather Atlas[26]

Cities and towns

Administrative divisions

Gauteng municipalities

The Gauteng Province (as of May 2011) is divided into three

district municipalities. The district municipalities are in turn divided into six local municipalities
:

District municipalities

Metropolitan municipalities

The former

Nokeng Tsa Taemane and Kungwini in the North of the province was incorporated into Tshwane in 2011.[8]

Demographics

Population density in Gauteng
  •   <1 /km²
  •   1–3 /km²
  •   3–10 /km²
  •   10–30 /km²
  •   30–100 /km²
  •   100–300 /km²
  •   300–1000 /km²
  •   1000–3000 /km²
  •   >3000 /km²
Swati
  •   Venda
  •   Tsonga
  • Gauteng Province is home to 16.1 million people (2022 Stats SA Mid-year estimates), with 26% of the total South African population.

    1996
    and 2011 censuses, thus Gauteng now has the largest population of any province in South Africa, though the smallest land area.

    As of the census of 2011, there are 12,272,263 people and 3,909,022 households residing in Gauteng. The population density is 680/km². The density of households is 155.86/km². But in 2021, it is estimated to have 15,810,388 people and 5.1 million households residing in Gauteng.[27]

    About 22.1% of all households are made up of individuals. The average household size is 3.33.

    The province's age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 15, 19.6% from 15 to 24, 37.9% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 4.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 27 years. For every 100 females there are 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 102.3 males.

    According to the 2011 census, in Gauteng, the most spoken languages at home were:[1]

    76.0% of residents are Christian, 18.4% have no religion, 1.7% are Muslim, 0.5% are Jewish, and 0.8% are Hindu. 2.6% have other or undetermined beliefs.

    8.4% of residents aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 11.2% have had some primary, 5.5% have completed only primary school, 34.3% have had some high education, 28.0% have finished only high school, and 12.6% have an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 40.6% of residents have completed high school.

    56.1% of housing units have a telephone and/or

    refuse removed by the municipality at least once a week and 2.6% have no rubbish disposal. 47.2% have running water inside their dwelling, 83.6% have running water on their property, and 97.5% have access to running water. 73.2% of households use electricity for cooking, 70.4% for heating, and 80.8% for lighting. 77.4% of households have a radio, 65.7% have a television, 15.1% own a computer, 62.1% have a refrigerator
    , and 45.1% have a mobile phone.

    25.8% of the population aged 15–65 is unemployed.

    The median annual income of working adults aged 15–65 is R 23 539 ($3,483). Males have a median annual income of R 24 977 ($3,696) versus R 20 838 ($3,083) for females.

    Distribution of annual income of Gauteng province (2001)[28]
    Category
    No income 2.0%
    R 12 – R 4 800 ($2 – $721) 6.4%
    R 4 812 – R 9 600 ($723 – $1,443) 13.0%
    R 9 612 – R 19 200 ($1,445 – $2,886) 24.0%
    R 19 212 – R 38 400 ($2,888 – $5,772) 20.4%
    R 38 412 – R 76 800 ($5,774 – $11,543) 15.8%
    R 76 812 – R 153 600 ($11,545 – $23,087) 10.4%
    R 153 612 – R 307 200 ($23,089 – $46,174) 5.0%
    R 307 212 – R 614 400 ($46,176 – $92,348) 1.8%
    R 614 412 or more ($92,350+) 1.1%
    Ethnic group 2021 population
    Ethnic group Population %
    Black African 12 648 380 80%
    White 2 212 454 14%
    Coloured 474 311,64 3%
    Asian 474 311,64 3%
    Total 15 810 388 100.00%

    [dubious ]

    Life expectancy

    Gauteng is the province with the second highest life expectancy in the country in 2019 with females having a life expectancy of 69 years and males having a life expectancy of 64 years.[7]

    Urban conurbation

    Historically described as the PWV complex,[29] the urban conurbation of Gauteng, referred to as the Gauteng City Region,[30] contains the major urban populations of Johannesburg (7,860,781 as of 2011), Pretoria (1,763,336), Vereeniging (377,922), Evaton (605,504) and Soshanguve (728,063), coming to an urban population of over 11 million.[31] Thomas Brinkhoff lists a "Consolidated Urban Area" in Gauteng as having a population of 13.1 million as of January 2017.[32] The future governmental plans for the region indicate the gradual urbanisation and consolidation towards the creation of a megalopolis that connects these metros. The GCRO is a collaboration between the Universities of Johannesburg and Witwatersrand, the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng Provincial Government, and SALGA-Gauteng. The GCRO's purpose is to collect information and create a database on the Gauteng City Region to provide to government, lawmakers and civil society an informed understanding of the fastest urbanizing region in Southern Africa.[30][non-primary source needed]

    Economy

    Gauteng is considered the economic hub of South Africa and contributes heavily in the financial, manufacturing, transport, technology, and telecommunications sectors, among others. It also plays host to a large number of overseas companies requiring a commercial base in and gateway to Africa.

    Gauteng is home to the

    Johannesburg Stock Exchange,[33] the largest stock exchange in Africa. Some of the largest companies in Africa and abroad are based in Gauteng, or have offices and branches there, such as Vodacom,[34] MTN,[35] Neotel,[36] Microsoft South Africa[37] and the largest Porsche Centre in the world.[38]

    Although Gauteng is the smallest of South Africa's nine provinces—it covers a mere 1.5% of the country's total land area,[6] the province is responsible for a third of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP).[39] Gauteng generates about 10% of the total GDP of sub-Saharan Africa and about 7% of total African GDP.[40] Gauteng has the highest GDP and GDP per capita of all South Africa's provinces.[41] Gauteng is also the province with the most taxpayers and the highest average taxable income per taxpayer according to the South African Revenue Service.[42]

    Transport

    Sandton Gautrain Station in August 2010

    R24, R59, M1 and M2 all run through Johannesburg while the R80
    connects Pretoria Central to Soshanguve. The Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project led to a large decrease in traffic congestion when construction finished 2011–2012. Cape Town, for the first time in decades, is now the most congested city in South Africa.[46][47]

    PUTCO, the largest commuter bus operator in South Africa,[48] services the Gauteng area extensively.[49] The bus rapid transit system Rea Vaya also serves to transport people from Johannesburg's southern neighbourhoods into and around the CBD.[50] In an interview, Parks Tau stated that by 2040, Johannesburg will be dominated by pedestrians and public transport as opposed to the use of private transport or informal transport, such as minibus taxis.[51]

    Gautrain and Metrorail both service the province's public transport sector where trains are concerned[52][53] and Gautrain offers a bus service that transports commuters to and from various train stations and predetermined bus stops.[54] Metrorail trains are considered one of the most cost-effective methods of transportation in and around Gauteng.[55]

    The O. R. Tambo International Airport, Rand Airport, Lanseria International Airport, Wonderboom Airport and Grand Central Airport are located in Gauteng.[56][57][58]

    There is a large informal transport sector in Gauteng, consisting of thousands of

    minibus taxis, which many of the urban and rural population makes use of.[55][59] However, it is noted that taxis are often unsafe as their drivers ignore the rules of the road and the vehicles are often not roadworthy.[59] The City of Johannesburg stated that: "major initiatives are under way to completely reform the taxi industry and provide more comfort and safety to customers." In March 2017, it is reported that Gauteng alone has 4,7 million registered vehicles under the "GP" abbreviation via the eNatis system.[60][59]

    Education

    University of Pretoria's Old Arts Building

    Gauteng is a large center of learning in South Africa, and it has many universities and educational institutions of higher learning.

    Universities

    Colleges

    In 2002, the Gauteng Department of Education founded an initiative called Gauteng Online in an attempt to get the entire province to utilize a wide assortment of electronic and telecommunications systems.[61] In 2007, this initiative was handed over to the Gauteng Department of Finance.[61]

    In the 2013 national budget speech, it was announced that the Gauteng Department of Education would be granted over R700 million to improve education and to alleviate issues concerning the overcrowding in schools, a shortage in teaching staff and transport for poor pupils.[62]

    In 2017/2018, the Gauteng Provincial government spent R42.4 billion on education which accounted for 38% the province's total expenditure.[63]

    Conservation

    Although Gauteng province is dominated by the urban areas of Johannesburg and Pretoria, it has several nature reserves. Gauteng is home to the

    Wonder Cave Kromdraai. Johannesburg is home to the largest human-made urban forest in the world.[64][65][66]

    Provincial reserves

    The Maropeng visitors centre at the Cradle of Humankind

    There are 5 provincial reserves managed by the Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation, Environment and Land Affairs:

    Sport

    Loftus Versfeld Stadium, one of Gauteng's various stadia and venue for the 2010 FIFA World Cup

    Gauteng is home to many stadiums and sporting grounds, notably

    SuperSport Park
    .

    Several teams from Gauteng play in the country's top-level

    Bafana Bafana's home stadium is Soccer City in Johannesburg. During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the first ever world cup held by an African nation,[67] Gauteng's stadia hosted many games. The first ever FIFA world cup match on African soil took place at Soccer City on 11 June 2010.[68][69] Along with Soccer City, Loftus Versfeld Stadium and Ellis Park Stadium hosted matches in Gauteng.[70]

    East Rand. In 1995, South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and proceeded to win the tournament at Ellis Park Stadium on 24 June 1995.[71] The events surrounding the world cup formed the basis of the story for the movie Invictus.[72]

    Many South African universities take part in the Varsity Rugby league. Of these, the Gauteng universities include the University of Pretoria, the University of Johannesburg and the University of the Witwatersrand.[73]

    Standard Bank Pro 20 Series
    .

    Many marathons take place in Gauteng, such as the Gauteng Marathon, the Arwyp Medical Centre 15 km Nite Race and the Trisport Joburg City Triathlon.[74][75][76][77]

    Gauteng's favourable weather conditions throughout the year make it an ideal hub for sports and other out door activities.[78] This makes golf, horse racing and swimming very popular. The Vaal River facilitates water sports in the forms of jet skiing, water skiing and motor boating.[78] Adventure sports are also quite popular in Gauteng, particularly skydiving, paragliding and hang-gliding.[78]

    The

    Pretoria Zoo.[81] Botanical gardens in the province include the Pretoria and Walter Sisulu national botanical gardens maintained by the South African National Botanical Institute as well as the Johannesburg and Manie van der Schijff botanical gardens.[82][83]

    The

    Ticketpro Dome and the Gallagher Convention Centre, which are both popular events and expos venues, are also located within Gauteng.[84][85] The province also has a Formula One racetrack, the Kyalami Circuit
    . The most recent F1 race at the venue was in 1993.

    See also

    • List of speakers of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature

    References

    1. ^ (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2015.
    2. ^ Mid-year population estimates, 2021 (PDF) (Report). Statistics South Africa. 19 July 2021. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
    3. ^ "Provincial gross domestic product:experimental estimates, 2013–2022" (PDF), www.statssa.gov.za
    4. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
    5. ^ "Gauteng". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2021. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
    6. ^ from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
    7. ^ a b c "Mid-year population estimates" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
    8. ^ a b c d e f g h "General Overview of Gauteng" (PDF). Makiti Guides and Tours (Pty) Ltd. Archived from the original on 11 April 2005. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
    9. ^ "About Gauteng". Gauteng Provincial Government. Archived from the original on 4 August 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
    10. ^ a b c d e "Gauteng". South African History Online. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
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    External links

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