Government of Bihar

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Government of Bihar
Bihar Vidhan Sabha
Tejashwi Yadav (RJD)
Judiciary
High CourtPatna High Court
Chief JusticeK. Vinod Chandran
Seat53

The Government of Bihar or Bihar Government is the

Governor of Bihar, a judiciary and legislative branches
.

Like other

capital
of Bihar.

The

Bihar Vidhan Parishad (Bihar Legislative Council
). Their normal term is five years, unless dissolved earlier.

Executive

Governor

Main article:
Governor of Bihar
See also: Governor (India)

The Governors of the

Chief ministers of the states[citation needed] and his/her councils of ministers. The Governor of a State is appointed by the President of India. The factors based on which the President evaluates the candidates is not mentioned in the Constitution.[3]
In his ex-officio capacity, the Governor of Bihar is Chancellor of the universities of Bihar (at present 12) as per the Acts of the Universities.

Chief Minister

Main article:
Chief Minister of Bihar
See also: Chief minister (India)

In the

Republic of India, a chief minister is the elected head of government of the each state out of 28[4] states and sometimes a union territory (currently, only the UTs of Delhi and Puducherry have serving Chief Ministers). Following elections to the Bihar Legislative Assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.[5]

In 1946 First Cabinet of Bihar formed; consisting

Sri Krishna Sinha of the Indian National Congress, he also has the longest incumbency. The current incumbent is Nitish Kumar
who is having incumbency since 22 February 2015.

Deputy Chief Minister

Main article:
Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar
Samrat Chaudhary meeting with longest serving Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar
in 2024.

Despite being not mentioned in the constitution or law, the Deputy-Chief minister office is often used to pacify factions within the party or coalition. It is similar to the rarely used Deputy-Prime minister post in Central government of India. During the absence of the Chief minister, the deputy-CM may chair cabinet meetings and lead the Assembly majority. Various deputy chief ministers have also taken the oath of secrecy in line with the one that chief minister takes. This oath has also sparked controversies.[9][10]

Ministry

See also: Ninth Nitish Kumar ministry

The government is headed by the governor who appoints the chief minister and his council of ministers. The governor is appointed for five years and acts as the constitutional head of the state. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and his council of ministers in whom a great deal of legislative powers is vested.. The secretariat headed by the secretary to the governor assists the council of ministers. The council of ministers consists of cabinet ministers, ministers of state and deputy ministers. The chief minister is assisted by the chief secretary, who is the head of the administrative services.

Legislature

bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Bihar
. Lower house is elected with 5 years term, while in upper house 1/3 of the total members in the house gets elected every two years with six-year term.

Vidhan Sabha

Main article:
Bihar Vidhan Sabha
See also:
Legislative Assembly
is five years from the date appointed for its first sitting unless dissolved sooner. Members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected by the people. There are three sessions (Budget session, Monsoon session, Winter session) every year. The Sessions of Legislative Assembly are presided by Speaker. The Speaker certifies that whether a bill is ordinary bill or money bill. Generally he does not participate in voting but he casts his vote in the case of tie. The current strength of the House is 243.

Vidhan Parishad

Main article:
Bihar Vidhan Parishad
See also:
Legislative Council
are indirectly elected through an electoral college. There are 27 Committees which are, at present, functional in the council. Besides, there are three Financial Committees consisting of the members of the two Houses of the State Legislature.

Judiciary

High Court

Main article: Patna High Court

The

state. A proclamation was made by the Governor-General of India on 22 March 1912. The foundation-stone of the High Court Building was laid on 1 December 1913 by the late Viceroy and Governor-General of India, Sir Charles Hardinge of Penshurst. The Patna High Court building on its completion was formally opened by the same Viceroy on 3 February 1916. Hon. Sir Justice Edward Maynard Des Champs Chamier was the first Chief Justice of Patna High Court. This High Court has given two Chief Justices of India: Hon'ble Mr. Justice Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha, the 6th C.J.I., and Hon. Mr. Justice Lalit Mohan Sharma, the 24th C.J.I..Hon. The Chief Justice Mr. Sanjay Karol is the current Chief Justice of Patna High Court. Patna High Court
has are 53 Judges which includes 40 permanent and 13 additional judges.

District Courts

The District Courts of

district level. Bihar has total 37 district courts.[14]

The Civil Court District Court is judged by District and Sessions Judge.This is the principal court of original civil jurisdiction besides the High Court of the State and which derives its jurisdiction in civil matters primarily from the code of civil procedure. The district court is also a court of sessions when it exercises its jurisdiction on criminal matters under the Code of Criminal procedure. The district court is presided over by a district judge appointed by the state governor with on the advice of chief justice of that high court. In addition to the district judge there may be a number of additional district judges and assistant district judges depending on the workload. The additional district judge and the court presided have equivalent jurisdiction as the district judge and his district court.[15]

Elections and Politics

Main articles: Elections in Bihar and Politics of Bihar
See also:
Bihar Vidhan Parishad
, 1/3 of the total members in the house gets elected every 2 years with 6-year term.

As of 2023, there are two main political formations: the

Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal and Indian National Congress (INC). There are many other political formations. The Communist Party of India had a strong presence in Bihar at one time, which has since weakened.[17] The Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI(M) and CPM and All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) have a minor presence, along with the other extreme leftist parties.[18]

Administration and Local governments

Main article: Administration in Bihar

Local governments function at the basic level. It is the third level of government apart from union and state governments. It consists of

sub-divisions (Anumandal) & circles (Aanchal).The state is divided into nine divisions, 38 districts, 101 subdivisions and 534 circles.[19] 17 municipal corporations, 84 Nagar Parishads and 151 Nagar Panchayats,[20][21][22][23][24]
for administrative purposes.

India
Bihar
Divisions
Districts
Blocks
(Tehsils)		Municipal Corporations
(Nagar Nigam)		Municipal Councils
(Nagar Parishad)		Town Council
(Nagar Panchayat)
Villages
(Graam/Gau'n)
Wards

Government agencies

See also

References

  1. ^ "BJP's Nand Kishore Yadav elected unopposed as Bihar Assembly Speaker". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  2. ^ "JD(U)'s Narendra Narayan Yadav elected unopposed as Bihar assembly deputy speaker". The Indian Express. 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  3. ^ "article 155, Constitution of India" (PDF).
  4. ^ "States and Union Territories". knowindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on August 18, 2017.
  5. ISBN 978-81-8038-559-9
    . Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Bihar as well.
  6. ^ S Shankar. "The Sri Babu-Anugrah babu government". website. Archived from the original on 2013-05-27. Retrieved 2005-04-08.
  7. ^ Kamat. "Anugrah Narayan Sinha". Kamat's archive. Archived from the original on 2006-11-09. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
  8. ISBN 9788170230021
    . Retrieved 2007-06-25.
  9. ^ Dhananjay Mahapatra (27 December 2017). "Deputy CM: Not in Constitution, yet a post with a long history". Times of India. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  10. ^ S. Rajendran (13 July 2012). "Of Deputy Chief Ministers and the Constitution". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  11. S2CID 145673733
    .
  12. JSTOR 42743171
    .
  13. JSTOR 839106
    .
  14. ^ "Bihar/District Court in India | Official Website of District Court of India". districts.ecourts.gov.in. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  15. ^ "District Courts of India - official website". Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  16. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ "State Wise Seat Won & Valid Votes Polled by Political Parties" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  18. ^ "The Decline of Communist Mass Base in Bihar: Jagannath Sardar". 25 September 2011. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  19. ^ "Indexing Gender Parity and Estimation of Child Marriage: A comprehensive study of 534 Blocks in Bihar". Archived from the original on 2017-09-25.
  20. ^ "Bihar Civic elections likely in May 2017". Archived from the original on 2017-03-31.
  21. ^ "बिहार : नगर विकास एवं आवास विभाग की पहल, पुनर्गठन से नगर परिषदों की बढ़ जायेगी संख्या". Archived from the original on 2017-03-24.
  22. ^ "पहली बार कोई महिला बनेगी पटना नगर निगम की मेयर". Archived from the original on 2017-03-24.
  23. ^ "Ward delimitation begins in Chhapra". Archived from the original on 2017-02-27.
  24. ^ "छपरा को निगम बख्तियारपुर को मिला नगर परिषद का दर्जा". Archived from the original on 2017-03-24.

External links

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