Grove Press
Grove/Atlantic | |
Founded | 1951 |
---|---|
Country of origin | United States |
Headquarters location | New York City, New York |
Distribution | Publishers Group West |
Publication types | Books |
Imprints | Black Cat |
Official website | groveatlantic |
Grove Press is an American publishing imprint that was founded in 1947. Imprints include: Black Cat, Evergreen, Venus Library, and Zebra. Barney Rosset purchased the company in 1951 and turned it into an alternative book press in the United States. He partnered with Richard Seaver to bring French literature to the United States. The Atlantic Monthly Press, under the aegis of its publisher, Morgan Entrekin, merged with Grove Press in 1993. Grove later became an imprint of the publisher Grove/Atlantic, Inc.
Early years
Grove Press was founded in 1947 in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, on Grove Street. The original owners only published three books in three years and so sold it to Barney Rosset in 1951 for three thousand dollars.[1][2]
Literary avant-garde
Under Rosset's leadership, Grove introduced American readers to European avant-garde literature and theatre, including French authors Alain Robbe-Grillet, Jean Genet, and Eugène Ionesco.
In 1954, Grove published
Grove published most of the
From 1957 to 1973 Grove published
Grove has also from time to time published mainstream works. For example, in 1978 it published the script from the George Lucas film American Graffiti under its Black Cat paperback imprint.
In 1956, Rosset hired Fred Jordan as Grove's business manager. Jordan spent most of the next 30 years at Grove. Later an editor with the press, Jordan oversaw the company's First Amendment lawsuits.[3]
Political works
The defining movements of the 1960s in America—the antiwar, civil rights, black power, counterculture, and student movements in the United States—along with revolutions across the globe, were debated, exposed, and discussed in Grove’s publications, as was the sexual revolution. Grove's books challenged prevailing attitudes about sex through dozens of erotic books, many by "anonymous" authors; introduced the layperson to new directions in psychology through
Censorship and obscenity battles
Rejecting conventional notions of obscenity and morality, Grove gained a reputation as a controversial publisher committed to fighting censorship as it published some of the best-known banned books.
In 1959, Grove Press published an unexpurgated version of D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover. The U.S. Post Office Department confiscated copies sent through the mail. Rosset sued the New York city postmaster and his lawyer Charles Rembar won in New York, and then on federal appeal.[5]
Grove's success in publishing Lady Chatterley’s Lover paved the way for Rosset to publish another contested work that was ultimately cleared by the courts, Henry Miller's 1934 novel, Tropic of Cancer.[1] The book contained explicit sexual passages and therefore could not be published in the United States. In 1961, Grove Press issued a copy of the work and lawsuits were brought against dozens of individual booksellers in many states for selling it. The issue was ultimately settled by the U. S. Supreme Court's 1973 decision in Miller v. California. (The Miller of the Miller case was unrelated to Henry Miller.)
The William S. Burroughs novel Naked Lunch was banned in some parts of the world for approximately ten years. Its first American publisher was Grove Press. The book was banned by Boston courts in 1962 on the grounds of obscenity, but that decision was reversed in a landmark 1966 opinion by the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. This was the last major literary censorship battle in the US. Upon publication, Grove Press added to the book supplementary material regarding the censorship battle as well as an article written by Burroughs on the topic of drug addiction. Grove would publish several editions of the novel over the next four decades, including a "Restored Text" version in 2002. Grove also published the first American paperback editions of other Burroughs works, including The Soft Machine, Nova Express and The Ticket That Exploded. Grove would also publish the final collection of the author's writings, the posthumously published Last Words: The Final Journals of William S. Burroughs, and in 2008 published the American first edition of And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks, the first release of a novel that Burroughs and Jack Kerouac had collaborated on in the mid-1940s.
Grove had to defend its Evergreen Review on several occasions due to what was deemed objectionable content. Issues were occasionally seized by the authorities.
After winning several battles over the printed page, Grove built on these victories and successfully defended the screening of Vilgot Sjöman’s Swedish film I Am Curious (Yellow).
Film
Grove Press acquired Cinema 16 in 1966.[6] The division was closed in 1985.[7]
Union conflicts
In 1962, Grove had sales of $2 million, but after legal bills, lost $400,000. By 1964, however, they were profitable, and by 1967, Grove went public and built its own headquarters. In 1970, the staff of 150 began organizing a union. Rosset fired some of the organizers (and later re-hired them in arbitration). The organizers responded with a picket line and an occupation of the building. Rosset called the police, and the occupiers were arrested. His editor, Richard Seaver, talked to the pickets and convinced them to disperse. Grove distributed an anti-union information sheet, and the union vote failed, 86–34. After the vote, Grove fired half its workers.[8]
1980s
In 1985, Rosset sold Grove Press to Ann Getty and Sir George Weidenfeld, a British publisher.[1] Rosset was fired a year later.[1]
Notable authors
In film
Obscene, a documentary feature about Rosset and Grove Press by Neil Ortenberg and Daniel O’Connor, was released September 26, 2008.
In popular culture
Grove Press is referenced several times in the
In addition to the references in the show, in 2010, the real Grove/Atlantic (the successor company to Grove Press) published the memoir of fictional Roger Sterling: Sterling's Gold: Wit and Wisdom of an Ad Man. In Younger (TV series), Zane is referenced as being the new publisher for Grove in Season 7.
Book series
- Evergreen Black Cat Books[12]
- Evergreen Books[13]
- Evergreen Profile Books
- Venus Library
- Zebra Books[4]
Novels
- Gold by the Inch (1998)
References
- ^ ISBN 9780312350031.
- ^ "Grove Atlantic". www.groveatlantic.com. Archived from the original on June 15, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
- ^ Roberts, Sam (May 2, 2021). "Fred Jordan, Publisher of Taboo-Breaking Books, Dies at 95". The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
- ^ a b Grove Press Records, Syracuse University Special Collections Research Center
- ^ Kaplan, Fred (July 20, 2009). "The Day Obscenity Became Art". The New York Times.
- ^ "Grove Press Records | An inventory of its records at Syracuse University". Syracuse University Libraries Special Collections Research Center.
- ^ "Grove Press Film Collection - Collection".
- ^ Sicha, Choire (January 9, 2012). "All the Young Dudes: A posthumous memoir goes behind the scenes at the celebrated publisher of Burroughs, Lawrence, and Malcolm X". Slate.
- ^ McGrath, Charles (September 23, 2008). "Publisher Who Fought Puritanism, and Won". The New York Times.
- ^ "Obscene: A Film By Neil Ortenberg & Daniel O'Connor". Double O Film Productions.
- ^ Zmuda, Natalie (August 4, 2008). "'Mad Men' as Fashion Muse", Advertising Age.
- ^ Evergreen Black Cat Books, librarything.com. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ^ Evergreen Books (Grove Press) - Book Series List, publishinghistory.com. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
Further reading
- Glass, Loren. Counterculture Colophon: Grove Press, the Evergreen Review, and the Incorporation of the Avant-Garde. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013.
- O'Brien, John, ed. Grove Press Number: Review of Contemporary Fiction, Volume X, No. 3. Funks Grove, Il: Dalkey Archive Press, Fall 1990.
- Rosset, Barney. Rosset: My Life in Publishing and How I Fought Censorship. New York: OR Books, 2017.
External links
- Grove/Atlantic, Inc.—Official website (Grove Press and Atlantic Monthly Press; with links also to Atlantic Books, Ltd, Canongate Books, Ltd, and Open City Magazine)
- Grove Press Records at Syracuse University Special Collections Research Center
- Venus Library (imprint of Grove Press)—Complete listing of titles with information
- Venus Library (imprint of Grove Press)—Front covers of titles (1969–1973)
- One Touch of Venus (Library): Odyssey of an Imprint, Part I
- One Touch of Venus (Library): Odyssey of an Imprint, Part 2
- "Barney Rosset, The Art of Publishing No. 2". The Paris Review (Interview). No. 145. Interviewed by Ken Jordan. Winter 1997.