Hanoverian Tory

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The Earl of Nottingham was one of the most prominent pro-Hanoverian Tories in 1714.

Hanoverian Tories were

George, Elector of Hanover
.

Background

Following the

Captain General
and a moderate Tory, went into exile on the continent following his dismissal in 1711.

Tied up with the ongoing debate about the future of the throne, was a dispute over the end of the

Treaty of Utrecht. As Hanover was a key ally of Britain in this conflict, and resented what was regarded as this abandonment, it naturally led George to prefer the Whigs. In spite of having about forty members in the House of Commons in early 1714, these were very unpredictable and could not be completely relied on by the Whigs in their challenge to the Harley government.[2]

Hanoverian Succession

George I appointed several Hanoverian Tories in his first government, but they were soon pushed out as the Whig Ascendancy began.

As Anne grew increasingly weak in 1714, both Jacobites and pro-Hanoverians prepared to take measures to seize the throne if necessary by armed force. Hanoverian Tories worked with Whigs led by General James Stanhope to secure the country for George. In the event the Hanoverian Succession followed on relatively peacefully following Anne's death in August 1714, although George's coronation did provoke riots across the country which then continued into the following year. Whigs and Hanoverian Tories provided a solid bloc in Parliament to vote through the Succession. It has been suggested that many Tory figures wavered between the two factions at the Succession.[3]

Aftermath

Despite George I's distrust of the Tories, the

Jacobite Uprising, although the Duke of Argyll a Whig with strong connections with the Hanoverian Tories was replaced as army commander in Scotland because it was considered he had been insuffienctly committed to defeating the Jacobites despite his victory at Sheriffmuir
.

However, gradually the government began to be completely dominated by staunch Whigs, leading to the

Whig Oligarchy. Tories were in opposition for several decades, and the name was often used as a synonym for Jacobite by their rivals. Nonetheless in 1727, when George I died, Hanoverian Tories again supported the succession of his son George II rather than the continued claims of James. In 1730 they were still active as a faction when Spencer Compton tried to organise a coalition between them and opposition Patriot Whigs in order to replace the long-standing Prime Minister Robert Walpole.[4]

Hanoverian Tories were active in the attempts to acquit former leader Robert Harley during his impeachment trial in 1715 and subsequent imprisonment in the Tower of London. He was eventually acquitted in 1717.

Notable figures

References

  1. ^ Gestrich & Schaich p.2818
  2. ^ Holmes p.283
  3. ^ Cruickshanks p.69
  4. ^ Black p.69

Bibliography

  • Jeremy Black. British Politics and Foreign Policy, 1727-44. Ashgate Publishing, 2014.
  • Eveline Cruickshanks. Ideology and conspiracy: aspects of Jacobitism, 1689-1759. John Donald, 1982.
  • Andreas Gestrich & Michael Schaich. The Hanoverian Succession: Dynastic Politics and Monarchical Culture. Routledge, 2016.
  • Geoffrey Holmes. British Politics in the Age of Anne. A&C Black, 1987.
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