Charles Trelawny
Charles Trelawny | |
|---|---|
Governor of Plymouth | |
| In office 1696–1720 | |
| Member of Parliament for East Looe | |
| In office 1689–1698 | |
| Governor of Dublin | |
| In office 1690–1690 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Charles Trelawny 1653 Enzheim; Altenheim Tangier Garrison 1680-1684 Monmouth Rebellion Sedgemoor Williamite War in Ireland The Boyne; Cork |
Trelawny began his military career in 1673, and held a number of senior commands under Charles II. Like many Tories, he initially backed the succession of James II in 1685, despite his Catholicism; his defection in 1688 illustrated the extent to which James had alienated his primary support base.
His elder brother,
Trelawny served in the 1689 to 1691
Personal details
Charles Trelawny was born in 1653, fourth of five surviving sons of
On 1 May 1690, Trelawny married his cousin Anne Morice (1672-1690), widow of William Morice (1660-1688), MP for Newport in Cornwall.[1] When she died in childbirth in 1690, Trelawny inherited her estates near Hengar, Cornwall; in June 1699, he married again, this time to Elizabeth Mitchell, whose father Thomas was Rector of Notgrove, Gloucestershire. They had one surviving daughter, of whom little is known; she seems to have predeceased her father, since Trelawny left his lands and property to his nephew Edward.[2]
Career
Europe and Africa; 1673-1684
The 1638-1651
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When the Franco-Dutch War began in 1672, Trelawny joined the Royal English Regiment, recruited as part of the Brigade. The alliance with Catholic France was deeply unpopular; many doubted its reliability against the Protestant Dutch and so it served mainly in the Rhineland. However, some officers took part in the 1673 siege of Maastricht as volunteers, including Trelawny and John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough.[5]
The
In July 1680, Trelawny was appointed major in the
The Glorious Revolution; 1685-1688
Like most Tories, and even some
Over the next two years, James' attempts to ensure a Parliament that would vote as instructed eroded the traditional power base of the landed aristocracy, both Tory and Whig.
Concern over religious policy increased in May 1688 with the prosecution for
Sydney's brother-in-law was the Earl of Sunderland, James' chief advisor; alarmed by the regime's unpopularity and growing unrest, he secretly supported negotiations with William.[14] They were joined by the Association, the Trelawny family and Seymour, who despite his support for James during the 1679 to 1681 Exclusion Crisis had opposed his use of arbitrary measures from the beginning.[15] This meant that unlike 1685, James could not rely on the West Country, enabling William to land unopposed at the southwestern port of Torbay on 5 November 1688, the so-called Glorious Revolution. As he advanced, Trelawny and other officers defected to join him; desertions reduced the Royal army from 34,000 to less than 4,000 and James went into exile on 23 December.[16]
Ireland and England; 1689-1731
Briefly deprived of his regiment by James, Trelawny was restored by William and spent the next two years fighting in the
In 1694, Trelawny was suggested as colonel of the
In
A
Notes
- ^ Until 1751, most regiments were named after their Colonel but to avoid confusion, their post 1751 numbers are used
References
- ^ Hampson 1983.
- ^ a b Cruickshanks 1970.
- ^ Childs 1996, p. 54.
- ^ Kenyon 1983, pp. 67–68.
- ^ Childs 2014, p. 16.
- ^ Davenport 1917, p. 238.
- ^ Childs 1984, p. 387.
- ^ a b c d Childs 2004.
- ^ Harris & Taylor 2015, pp. 144–159.
- ^ Miller 2012, pp. 127–129.
- ^ Holmes 2009, p. 136.
- ^ Harris 2007, pp. 269–270.
- ^ Harris 2007, pp. 271–272.
- ^ Kenyon 1958, pp. 226–228.
- ^ Hatton 2004.
- ^ Childs 1996, p. 60.
- ^ a b c Cruickshanks & Handley 2002.
- ^ Somerset 2012, p. 318.
- ^ Smith 2021, p. 227.
Sources
- Childs, John (1996). Chandler, David; Beckett, Ian (eds.). The Restoration Army in 'The Oxford History Of The British Army'. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192803115.
- Childs, John (2004). "Trelawney [Trelawny], Charles". doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27685. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Childs, John (1984). "The British Brigade in France". History. 69 (227).
- Childs, John (2014). General Percy Kirke and the Later Stuart Army. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1474255141.
- Cruickshanks, Evelyn; Handley, Stuart (2002). TRELAWNY, Charles (c.1653-1731), of Hengar House, nr. Bodmin, Cornwall in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690-1715. Boydell & Brewer. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
- Cruickshanks, Evelyn (1970). TRELAWNY, Edward (1699-1754), of Hengar, Cornwall in The House of Commons 1715-1754. Boydell & Brewer. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- Davenport, Frances (1917). European Treaties bearing on the History of the United States and its Dependencies. Washington, D.C. Carnegie Institution of Washington.
- Hampson, Gillian (1983). MORICE, William II (c.1660-88), of Werrington, Devon in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1660-1690. Haynes Publishing. ISBN 978-0436192746.
- Harris, Tim; Taylor, Stephen (2015). The Final Crisis of the Stuart Monarchy. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 978-1783270446.
- Harris, Tim (2007). Revolution; the Great Crisis of the British Monarchy 1685-1720. Penguin. ISBN 978-0141016528.
- Hatton, DW (2004). "Seymour, Sir Edward, fourth baronet (1633–1708)". doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25162. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Holmes, Richard (2009). Marlborough; England's Fragile Genius. Harper Press. ISBN 978-0007225729.
- Kenyon, JP (1983). History Men. Littlehampton Book Services Ltd. ISBN 978-0297780816.
- Kenyon, JP (1958). Robert Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, 1641-1702. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0837181509.
- Miller, John (January 2012). "Book Review; James II and the Three Questions: Religious Toleration and the Landed Classes, 1687–1688 by Peter Walker". Catholic Historical Review. 98 (1). S2CID 162247466.
- Smith, Hannah (2021). Armies and Political Change in Britain, 1660-1750. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198851998.
- Somerset, Anne (2012). Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion. Harper Press. ISBN 978-0007203765.