Haplogroup E-V12
Haplogroup E-V12 | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | c. 12,300 years BP[2] |
Coalescence age | c. 10,500 years BP[2] |
Possible place of origin | Lower Egypt/Libya[3] or Upper Egypt/Northern Sudan[4] |
Ancestor | E-V68/M78[5] |
Defining mutations | V12, Z1216[5] |
The
Ancient DNA
- One individual from Bronze Age Alalakh dated c. 1878-1637 BC belonged to haplogroup E-V12.[7] Alalakh was a city in northern Levant settled by Amorites and some Hurrians.[7]
- One individual from imperial Rome dated c. 2000-1800 ybp (years before present) belonged to haplogroup E-V12.[8]
- A 1st century Nubian mercenary genome from Serbia (Roman Empire) carried haplogroup E-V32 and L2a1j. On the PCA, the outlier individual clustered with present day East African populations.[9]
- One Medieval individual dated c. 1130-520 ybp from Villa Magna, Central Italy belonged to haplogroup E-V12.[8]
Undifferentiated E-V12* lineages
Undifferentiated E-V12* lineages (not E-V32 or E-M224, so therefore named "E-V12*") peak in frequency among Southern Egyptians (up to 74.5%).[10] The subclades are also scattered widely in small amounts in both Northern Africa and Europe, but with very little sign in Western Asia, apart from Turkey.[3] These E-V12* lineages were formerly included (along with many E-V22* lineages[Note 1]) in Cruciani et al.'s original (2004) "delta cluster", which he had defined using Y-STR profiles. With the discovery of the defining SNP, Cruciani et al. (2007) reported that V12* was found in its highest concentrations in Egypt, especially Southern Egypt.
Hassan et al. (2008) report a significant presence of E-V12* in neighboring Sudan, including 5/33 Copts and 5/39 Nubians. E-V12* made up approximately 20% of the Sudanese E-M78. They propose that the E-V12 and E-V22 sub-clades of E-M78 might have been brought to Sudan from their place of origin in North Africa after the progressive desertification of the Sahara around 6,000–8,000 years ago. Sudden climate change might have forced several Neolithic cultures/people to migrate northward to the Mediterranean and southward to the Sahel and the Nile Valley.[11] The E-V12* paragroup is also observed in Europe (e.g. amongst French Basques) and Eastern Anatolia (e.g. Erzurum Turks).[3]
The non-basal subhaplogroup E1b1b-V12/E3b1a1 has been found at highest frequencies among various Afroasiatic-speaking populations in eastern Africa, including Garreh (74.1%), Gabra (58.6%), Wata (55.6%), Borana (50.0%), Sanye (41.7%), Beja (33.3%) and Rendille (29.0%).[12]
Sub-clades of E-V12
E-V32
The STR data from Cruciani et al. (2007) concerning E-V12 can be summarized as follows.
Haplotype | description | YCAIIa | YCAIIb | DYS413a | DYS413b | DYS19 | DYS391 | DYS393 | DYS439 | DYS460 | DYS461 | A10 |
E-V12* | modal | 19 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 13 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 13 |
min | 18 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 11 | |
max | 19 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 14 | |
number | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | |
E-V32 | modal | 19 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 13 |
min | 19 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
max | 20 | 22 | 22 | 24 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 14 | |
number | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | |
All E-V12 | modal | 19 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 13 |
min | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 11 | |
max | 20 | 22 | 22 | 24 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 14 | |
number | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | |
Sub-clades
- E-V12
- E-FGC51357
- E-Y2863
- E-FGC14377
- E-FGC14378
- E-V32
- E-Y25511[permanent dead link]
- E-Y15945 Archived 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
- E-Z813
- E-Y28701
- E-V5933[permanent dead link]
- E-Y17750 Archived 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
- E-V32
- E-FGC14378
- E-CTS693
- E-FGC14377
Notes
- ^ Cruciani et al. (2004): "E-V22 and E-V12* chromosomes are intermingled and not clearly differentiated by their microsatellite haplotypes". In Cruciani et al. (2007) the same authors show that a branch of E-V13 found amongst the Druze Arabs is also in the delta cluster. (Contrast the data tables of Cruciani et al. (2007) and Cruciani et al. (2004).)
- ^ Cruciani et al. (2007): Fig. 2/C
References
- PMID 29433568.
- ^ a b "E-V12 YTree".
- ^ a b c d e Cruciani et al. (2007)
- ^ Battaglia et al. (2008)
- ^ a b ISOGG, Copyright 2016 by. "ISOGG 2017 Y-DNA Haplogroup E". isogg.org. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ E-CTS693
- ^ PMID 34191795.
- ^ PMID 31699931.
- )
- PMID 26108492.
- ^ Hassan et al. (2008)
- ^ Hirbo, Jibril Boru. "Complex Genetic History of East African Human Populations" (PDF). University of Maryland, College Park. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
Sources
- Battaglia, Vincenza; Fornarino, Simona; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Myres, Natalie M; King, Roy J; Rootsi, Siiri; et al. (2008), "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe", European Journal of Human Genetics, 17 (6): 820–830, PMID 19107149
- Cruciani, Fulvio; La Fratta, Roberta; Santolamazza, Piero; Sellitto, Daniele; Pascone, Roberto; Moral, Pedro; Watson, Elizabeth; Guida, Valentina; Colomb, Eliane Beraud; Zaharova, Boriana; Lavinha, João; Vona, Giuseppe; Aman, Rashid; Calì, Francesco; Akar, Nejat; Richards, Martin; Torroni, Antonio; Novelletto, Andrea; Scozzari, Rosaria (May 2004). "Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (5): 1014–1022. PMID 15042509.
- Cruciani; La Fratta; Torroni; Underhill; Scozzari (2006), "Molecular Dissection of the Y Chromosome Haplogroup E-M78 (E3b1a): A Posteriori Evaluation of a Microsatellite-Network-Based Approach Through Six New Biallelic Markers", Human Mutation, 27 (8): 831–2, S2CID 26886757
- Cruciani, F.; La Fratta, R.; Trombetta, B.; Santolamazza, P.; Sellitto, D.; Colomb, E. B.; Dugoujon, J.-M.; Crivellaro, F.; et al. (2007), "Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12", Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24 (6): 1300–1311, PMID 17351267, archived from the originalon 2017-10-10
- Hassan, Hisham Y.; Underhill, Peter A.; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L.; Ibrahim, Muntaser E. (2008), "Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History" (PDF), American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 137 (3): 316–23, PMID 18618658, archived from the original(PDF) on 2009-03-04
- Sanchez, Juan J; Hallenberg, Charlotte; Børsting, Claus; Hernandez, Alexis; Morling, Niels (9 March 2005). "High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males". European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (7): 856–866. PMID 15756297.
- Tillmar, Andreas O.; Montelius, Kerstin (December 2009). "Population data of 12 Y-STR loci from a Somali population". Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series. 2 (1): 413–415. .
- Underhill, P. A.; Passarino, G.; Lin, A. A.; Shen, P.; Mirazon Lahr, M.; Foley, R. A.; Oefner, P. J.; Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (January 2001). "The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations". Annals of Human Genetics. 65 (1): 43–62. PMID 11415522.