Henri Hauser

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Henri Hauser
Born(1866-07-19)19 July 1866
Oran, French Algeria
Died27 May 1946(1946-05-27) (aged 79)
Montpellier, France
NationalityFrench
Education
OccupationHistorian

Henri Hauser (19 July 1866 – 27 May 1946) was a French historian, geographer, and economist. A pioneer in the study of the economic history of the early modern period, he also wrote on contemporary economic issues and held the first chair in economic history to be established at a French university.[1]

He was born in

Académie française
awarded him the Prix de l'Académie for his life's work.

Biography

Early life and education

Hauser was born into a Jewish family of

École Normale Supérieure.[2][4]

Hauser entered the École Normale Supérieure in August 1885. One of his mentors there was the geographer

Hachette that same year and reviewed by Jean Réville in the Revue de l'histoire des religions. Réville noted the dissertation's erudition and the new light shed on de la Noue's reputation by Hauser's study.[6]

Philippe du Fresne-Canaye

Academic career

Hauser's first university appointment was as a

Dreyfus Affair made his position untenable. During that year he established a section of the Ligue des droits de l'homme at Clermont-Ferrand and gave a series of public lectures attacking the conviction of Dreyfus for treason as "illegal". Hauser wrote, "I want a France great and noble, a France faithful to its mission of justice and truth." Antisemitic students at the university and the right-wing press attacked him as a "traitor" and a "Prussian".[2]

Hauser took a leave of absence from Clermont-Ferrand, moved back to Paris with his wife Thérèse and their young daughter Alice and threw himself into writing teaching manuals for geography and comparative studies on the teaching of geography and economics in the French colonies.

Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers from 1915 to 1933, first as a lecturer and then as a professor. In 1919 he received his first appointment to the University of Paris. He began there as a lecturer in modern economic history, was promoted to professor sans chaire[a] in 1921, and in 1927 was given the university's first chair in economic history.[10]

7th edition of Hauser's influential Méthodes allemandes d'expansion économique, first published in 1915 and later in English as Germany's Commercial Grip on the World

According to cultural historian Pim den Boer, Hauser was "exceptionally knowledgeable about a wide range of subjects" which was reflected in his scholarship. Throughout his career Hauser's approach was a multidisciplinary one and emphasized the roles played by both economics and geography in historical scholarship, views expressed as early as his 1903 L'enseignement des sciences sociales and his influential 1906 essay "La Géographie humaine et l'histoire économique".

Paris Peace Conference in 1919.[12]

Henri Hauser and Henri Hitier co-directed a major inquiry into French manufacturing in 1915–16 for the National Association of Economic Expansion. The inquiry was supervised by Paul de Rousiers.[13] Hauser's Méthodes allemandes d'expansion économique in which he analyzed the role played by German industry in the outbreak of the war had been published in 1915. The book was translated into English by Manfred Emanuel and Hauser and was published in London in 1917 and New York in 1918 as Germany's Commercial Grip on the World. The American edition came out as Germany's defeat seemed imminent and the allied powers were contemplating the terms of an eventual peace treaty. In his preface to that edition James Laurence Laughlin wrote:

I know of no other available authority who has so fully and so intelligently explained the methods by which Germany has gained her remarkable position in the markets of the world. [...] This volume is as necessary to us as to the French.[14]

After World War I ended, Hauser returned to his primary specialty, the history of the early modern period, but continued to publish on many contemporary historical, economic and geographical subjects. According to den Boer, one of Hauser's finest historical works from this period was his 1933 La prépondérance espagnole (1559-1660) which he characterised as "rightly considered a masterly and original synthesis." It echoes the view of Augustin Renaudet in a paper read at a meeting of the Société d'Histoire Moderne shortly after Hauser's death.[15] La prépondérance espagnole had multiple editions and was reprinted in 1973 with an introduction and eulogy to Hauser by Pierre Chaunu.[1][16]

In the

Alliance Française. He and his brother Félix-Paul had become members in the late 1880s, only a few years after its founding. He was appointed to its administrative council in 1912, contributed numerous articles on French historical figures to its publications, and was elected its vice president in 1933.[20]

Later years

Petain

Hauser retired from the University of Paris in 1936 at the age of 70 with Marc Bloch succeeding him in the chair of economic history, but he continued his scholarly work and publication in the ensuing years. Amongst the works he produced after his retirement was La naissance du Protestantisme which won the 1941 Prix Eugène Carrière of the Académie française.[21] The lives of both men were seriously impacted by the outbreak of World War II. Hauser came out of retirement and moved with his family to Rennes in 1939 to cover a teaching post at the university left vacant when its lecturer was drafted. Bloch left his position at the Sorbonne that same year to join the French Army.

After France's defeat by the Germans in June 1940, Bloch returned to Paris, but when the

Herblay. Nevertheless, he continued to publish articles in journals such as Revue Historique, although his name and those of the other Jewish scholars were replaced with their initials. He also began working on his memoires.[15][22]

In June 1942 Hauser was warned that his name was on a list of persons to be arrested the following day.

Académie française had awarded him the Prix de l'Académie for his life's work.[8]

Family

École Normale Supérieure
in Paris where Hauser studied from 1885 to 1888 and where a two-day international conference on his life and work was held in January 2003

Hauser's uncle, Henry Aron, who had played a major role in his education, died in 1885, the year Hauser entered the École Normale Supérieure. Aron, who wrote for several prominent Parisian journals and had served as the director of the Journal officiel de la République française, was awarded the Legion of Honor in 1878.[24]

Hauser married Thérèse Franck on 3 September 1888 in a non-religious wedding ceremony, which drew disapproval from their Jewish families and from his Catholic classmates at the École Normale.[2] Their daughter, Alice Hauser, became a bacteriologist at the main bacteriology laboratory in Dijon and was awarded the silver Médaille d'honneur des épidémies[c] by the French War Ministry in 1916.[25] Alice married Jean Dabert, a lawyer from Metz, in 1922. The following year their daughter Françoise was born.[4][26]

Hauser's elder brother, Félix-Paul, died in 1916. He had a long career in the French civil service, primarily in French Indochina, and was awarded the Legion of Honor in 1909 for his role in the Colonial Exhibition of Marseille [fr].[27]

Henri Hauser's great-grandson,

Reformation and a professor at the Sorbonne. He is the son of the historian François Crouzet and Hauser's granddaughter Françoise Dabert-Hauser.[28][29]

Hauser's account of his childhood and youth and his family's history appears in his unfinished memoirs, Souvenirs d'un vieux grand-père à sa petite fille (Memories of an Old Grandfather for his Granddaughter). The draft of the memoirs was amongst the papers Hauser had to leave behind in Rennes in his flight from the city in 1942. One of the professors at the university there hid the papers in his own house for the remainder of the war and was later able to return the draft to Hauser's widow.[23] Extracts from the memoirs were published in 2006 in Henri Hauser (1866-1946): humaniste, historien, républicain. The book is a collection of papers delivered at a two-day international colloquium on the life and work of Hauser held in January 2003 at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris.

Prizes and awards

Notes

  1. ^ Professeur sans chaire was an academic category created by the French government in 1920 and no longer in existence. It was given to a senior academic in an institution for which there existed no specific chair for the subject.[9]
  2. ^ Hauser was warned of his impending arrest by a university student who had been requisitioned as a translator for the German military command in Rennes.[23]
  3. ^ The Médaille d'honneur des épidémies was awarded by the French government between 1885 and 1962 for outstanding work in the prevention or combat of epidemics.

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 1400864844
  2. ^
    ISBN 284050457X
    (in French)
  3. ^ a b Schwab, George (2007). "Hauser, Henri". Encyclopaedia Judaica. via HighBeam Research.
  4. ^
    ISBN 284050457X
    (in French)
  5. ISBN 284050457X
    (in French)
  6. ^ Réville, Jean (1892). "Chronique". Revue de l'histoire des religions, Vol. 26, pp.101–102. Retrieved via JSTOR 28 January 2016 (subscription required) (in French).
  7. ^ Monod, Gabriel and Lichtenberger, André (1897) "France". Revue Historique, Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 337–338. Retrieved via JSTOR 28 January 2016 (subscription required) (in French).
  8. ^
    Académie française. Hauser Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
    . Retrieved 28 January 2016 (in French).
  9. ISBN 0520055616
  10. ^ Institut de France (2013). Hauser, Henri. Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 28 January 2016 (in French)
  11. ISBN 0859896994
  12. ^ Drouot, Henri (1946). "Henri Hauser (1866–1946)". Annales de Bourgogne, Vol. 18, No. 16, pp. 158–160. Retrieved 31 January 2016 (in French).
  13. doi:10.3406/mcm.1988.959
  14. ^ Laughlin, James Laurence (1918)."Preface to the American Edition" in Hauser, Henri. Germany's Commercial Grip on the World, p. v. Scribner
  15. ^ a b Renaudet, Augustin (1946). "Henri Hauser (1966–1946)". Revue Historique, Vol. 196, No. 4, pp. 498-502. Retrieved via JSTOR 28 January 2016 (subscription required) (in French).
  16. OCLC 688394
  17. ISBN 979-10-351-0058-2
  18. ISBN 2296384528
  19. ISBN 1472509331
  20. ISBN 284050457X
    (in French)
  21. ^
    Académie française. Henri Hauser
    . Retrieved 28 January 2016 (in French).
  22. ^ Crouzet, Denis and Crouzet-Pavan, Élisabeth (2012). "Postface", pp. 135–140 in Lucien Febvre and François Crouzet Nous sommes des sang-mêlés: Manuel d'histoire de la civilisation française. Albin Michel (electronic edition)
  23. ^
    ISBN 284050457X
    (in French)
  24. ^ Singer, Isidore (ed.) (1902). "Aron, Henry". The Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, pp. 134–135.
  25. ^ L'Univers israélite (18 August 1916). "Echos et Nouvelles", p. 579. Retrieved 27 January 2016 (in French).
  26. ^ Le Moniteur d'Issoire (11 October 1922). "Carnet de Mariage", p. 2. Retrieved 27 January 2016 (in French).
  27. ^ Archives Nationales de France. Hauser, Félix-Paul
  28. ^ Barjot, Dominique (2010). "Hommage François Crouzet". Entreprises et histoire, No. 41, pp. 219-221. Retrieved 27 January 2016 (in French).
  29. ^ Harte, Negley (9 June 2010). "Professor François Crouzet: Celebrated anglophile French historian of Britain" The Independent. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  30. ^ Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine (1903/1904). "Notes et Nouvelles", Vol. 5, No. 8, p. 594. Retrieved via JSTOR 28 January 2016 (subscription required) (in French).
  31. ^ Archives Nationales de France. Hauser, Henri

Further reading

External links
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