Henry Light

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Lieutenant Governor of Antigua in 1836. Before his administrative career, he served in the Royal Artillery.[1]

Caribbean lieutenant-governorships

In 1836, Light was appointed in Lieutenant Governor of

British Dominica.[4] From July to August 1837, the Legislative Council stayed proceedings in response to him forbidding Special Magistrates to lash men to exert labor or as punishment.[5]

Governorship of Guiana

British Guiana in 1838 based on surveying ordered by Light

Apprenticeship and economy

Light assumed office on 27 June 1838 after

his predecessor's death in March. Prefacing his 10-year-long term, Light stated:[6]

A combination of labor, capital, and one directing head are necessary to make this colony flourish, without these, it will become a swamp, and the population retrograde to their original state of nature.

His initial observation was that the two estates were capable of producing more sugar than Nevis and Montserrat; he believed Berbice could obtain higher production than the Leeward and Windward Islands combined if provided adequate labor.[7] Following the

stipendiary magistrates as the black population would not allow a plantation owner-dominated judiciary; Light agreed and kept them, as permitted by the Colonial Office.[9] He suggested to those in new African villages they form agreements with the management of plantations, which would be signed by stipendiary magistrates and shareholders. In one such agreement, non-Christian religious practices were banned, in line with suppression of obeah:[10]

Obeah practices, mixed up with portions of scripture, and repetitions of prayer, have come to my notice within the last few months; they seem to pay so well, that no opening should be allowed to the knavish negro, to assume the sacerdotal power.

— Henry Light, 26 November 1840 dispatch to the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies

He was unconcerned for cultivation, citing the absence of labor for 3 weeks in

puncheons, and coffee by more than three-fourths in total. He also referred to the £930,000 decline in 1839 Demerara crop as calculated by the Liverpool West India Association. Ultimately, Russell believed parliament should further aid the colonies in dealing with the effects of emancipation and agreed with Light that interconnectivity between the classes was essential for mending the issues.[11] Since emancipation, wealthy planters such as William Ewart Gladstone had attempted to get indentured servants from British India, provoking investigation reluctantly ordered by Light. These efforts were made in vain and when it was made legal in 1845, it was under conditions less favorable than in 1837. The last development on the issue was in 1860, when five-year contracts were able to be issued by the Indian administration; by then Indian indentured servants were integral and a governing concern of the Guiana administration.[12]

General administration

In December 1838, Light told the

Native Guyanese would have to apply their territory for grants and pay fees to prevent it from being leased.[13]

In accordance with Ordinance No. 3 of 1839 by the

British dollar, exchanging at a rate of 3 guilders per dollar. The ordinance took effect on 1 March.[14]

Following emancipation, during the 1830s and 1840s, the prison system was expanded with primarily coastal district prisons. Light laid the first stone of Her Majesty’s Penal Settlement Mazaruni in 1842 and vouched for the humane conditions of the system. In 1848, controversies spurred out of testimonies of abuse and Light ordered an inquiry. One interviewee spoke of killings and beatings.[15] In June 1842, he established the first rudimentary mental illness institution.[16]

He sent £3,170 to the British Relief Association, claiming, "this colony is particularly blessed at the moment with the greatest abundance of every necessary of life [...] in no place in the world is a labourer so favoured as in this colony".[17]

Family

Light had three children with his wife Charlotte: Elizabeth Georgiana, Charlotte, and Alfred.

Provost Marshal of Guiana, at St. George's Cathedral, Georgetown on 15 April 1848 by the corresponding diocese's bishop.[19] William died in 1868 and Elizabeth on 11 January 1897.[20] He received the Order of the Bath from Queen Victoria in 1849.[21] On 5 July 1865, Light received his pension for 12 years of governance at age 82.[22] He died on 3 March 1870, a few hours after his wife, at age 87.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "WILLS AND BEQUESTS.-The will of the Right". The Times. No. 26768. London: Gale. 4 June 1870. p. 10.
  2. ^ Gramaglia (2013), p. 81
  3. ^ "Colonial Intelligence". The Times. No. 16201. London: Gale. 6 September 1836. p. 3.
  4. ^ Kale (1998), p. 66
  5. ^ Thomas (1999), p. 10
  6. ^ Green (1969), pp. 45, 48
  7. ^ Green (1969), p. 46
  8. ^ Kale (1998), p. 67
  9. ^ Green (1969), p. 64
  10. ^ Smith (1976), pp. 328–329
  11. ^ Kale (1998), pp. 67–71, 74–76, 78
  12. ^ Kale (2016), p. 76
  13. ^ Bulkan (2016), p. 367
  14. ^ Colonial Office (1872–1881), pp. 5, 120
  15. ^ Anderson, Moss & Jackson (2022), pp. 388–390
  16. ^ Gramaglia (2013), p. 68
  17. ^ O’Leary McNeice (2022), p. 171
  18. ^ "Major-General Lyte". The Times. No. 39705. London: Gale. 2 October 1911. p. 9.
  19. ^ "Marriages". The Times. No. 19872. London: Gale. 25 May 1848.
  20. ^ "Obituary". The Times. No. 35101. London: Gale. 15 January 1870. p. 6.
  21. ^ "Order of the Bath". The Times. No. 20109. London: Gale. 16 February 1849. p. 4.
  22. ^ "University Boat Race.-Cambridge, Tuesday". The Times. No. 25433. London: Gale. 28 February 1866. p. 9.

Sources

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