Hierotopy

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Hierotopy (from

sacred. Though related with religious mysticism
, hierotopy deals first and foremost with forms of conscious, creative activity.

According to the hierotopic approach,

Abbot Suger in the conception of first Gothic cathedrals. Hierotopic projects are not limited to churches and sanctuaries; in other cases, landscapes,[3] architectural compounds [4] and even cities[5] and countries[6]
have become products of hierotopic creativity.

The topics of hierotopic study cover a broad span of interests and range, for example, from the role played by light in church architecture [7] to the study of religious ceremonies, feasts[8] and folk customs.[9] The comparison of hierotopic models at work in different cultures is another focus of interest.[10][11]

Six international symposia (2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2017) have been organized on hierotopic subjects.

Spatial icons

The concept of the

medieval Moscow.[13] Spatial icons are essentially dynamic and performative in nature, such that the formal boundary between ‘image’ and ‘beholder’ no longer pertains. Typically, the beholders of spatial icons are actively involved in some way and become, to a certain extent, co-creators of the icons.[14]

Transfer of sacred spaces

The transfer of sacred spaces is an important form of hierotopic creativity. While an original sacred space often appears as the result of a

First Temple, as recounted in the Old Testament, can be viewed as the reproduction of the sacred space of the Tabernacle. Similarly, in the design and construction of many Christian churches, the First Temple itself has been taken as a hierotopic prototype. Multiple "New Jerusalems" (reproductions of the Holy City of Jerusalem), aimed to establish a link to the space of the Holy Land, are common both to the Eastern and Western branches of the Christian tradition.[15]

Image-paradigms

The perception of sacred spaces has been analyzed by Lidov in terms of image-paradigms.

Heavenly Jerusalem, which was present in Medieval churches without being directly represented, is one of the most significant image-paradigms in the Christian tradition.[18][19]

References

  1. ^ A. Lidov. "Hierotopy. The creation of sacred spaces as a form of creativity and subject of cultural history" in Hierotopy. Creation of Sacred Spaces in Byzantium and Medieval Russia, ed. A.Lidov, Moscow: Progress-Tradition, 2006, pp. 32-58
  2. ^ A. Lidov. "The Creator of Sacred Space as a Phenomenon of Byzantine Culture" in L’artista a Bisanzio e nel mondo cristiano-orientale, ed. Michele Bacci, Pisa, 2003, pp.135-176
  3. ^ Sh. Tsuji. "Creating an Iconic Space. The Transformation of Narrative Landscape" in Spatial icons. Performativity in Byzantium and Medieval Russia, Moscow: Indrik, 2011, pp. 627-642
  4. ^ G. Zelenskaya. "New Jerusalem near Moscow. Aspects of the Conception and New Discoveries" in: New Jerusalems. Hierotopy and iconography of sacred spaces, Moscow: Indrik, 2009, pp. 745-773
  5. ^ E. Kirichenko. "The Church and the City: on the Symbolic and Structural Unity of the Russian Sacred Space" in Hierotopy. Comparative studies of sacred spaces, Moscow: Indrik, 2009, pp. 292-322
  6. ^ V. Petrukhin. "Hierotopy of the Russian Land and the Primary Chronicle" in Hierotopy. Creation of Sacred Spaces in Byzantium and Medieval Russia, Moscow, 2006, pp. 480-490
  7. ^ A. Godovanets. "The Icon of Light in the Architectural Space of Hagia Sophia" in Spatial icons. Performativity in Byzantium and Medieval Russia, ed. A. Lidov, Moscow: Indrik, 2011, pp. 119-142
  8. ^ L. Beliaev. "The Hierotopy of the Orthodox Feast: on the National Traditions in the Making of Sacred Spaces" in: Hierotopy. Comparative studies of sacred spaces, ed. A. Lidov, Moscow: Indrik, 2009, pp. 270-291
  9. ^ A. Moroz. "Sacred and Horrible Places. Creation of Sacred Spaces in Traditional Culture" in: Hierotopy. Comparative studies of sacred spaces, ed. A. Lidov, Moscow: Indrik, 2009, pp. 259-269
  10. ^ N. Isar. "Vision and Performance. A Hierotopic Approach to Contemporary Art", in Hierotopy. Comparative studies of sacred spaces, ed. A. Lidov, Moscow: Indrik, 2009, pp. 341-375
  11. ^ M. Chegodaev. "The Hierotopy of the Ancient Egyptian Sarcophagus" in Hierotopy. Comparative studies of sacred spaces, ed. A. Lidov, Moscow: Indrik, 2009, pp. 18-37
  12. ^ A. Lidov. "Hierotopy: Spatial icons and Image-Paradigms in Byzantine Culture", Moscow: Theoria, 2009, Ch. 2. Spatial Icons. The miraculous performance with the Hodegetria of Constantinople. pp. 39-70, 311-316
  13. ^ M. Flier. "The Image of the Tsar in the Muscovite Palm Sunday Ritual" in Spatial icons. Performativity in Byzantium and Medieval Russia, ed. A. Lidov, Moscow: Indrik, 2011, pp.533-562
  14. ^ A. Lidov. "The Byzantine World and Performative Spaces" in Spatial icons. Performativity in Byzantium and Medieval Russia, ed. A. Lidov, Moscow: Indrik, 2011, pp. 17-26.
  15. ^ A. Lidov. "New Jerusalems. Transferring of the Holy Land as Generative Matrix of Christian Culture" in New Jerusalems. Hierotopy and iconography of sacred spaces, ed. A. Lidov, Moscow: Indrik, 2009, pp. 8-10.
  16. ^ A. Lidov. "Image-paradigms as a category of visual culture. Hierotopic approach to the art history", Russian Journal of Art History(Iskusstvoznanie), 2011, No 3-4, pp.109-122
  17. ^ A. Lidov. "Image-Paradigms as a Notion of Mediterranean Visual Culture: a Hierotopic Approach to Art History" in Crossing Cultures. Papers of the International Congress of Art History. CIHA-2008, Melbourne, 2009, pp.177-183
  18. ^ A. Lidov. "Hierotopy: Spatial icons and Image-Paradigms in Byzantine Culture", Moscow: Theoria, 2009. Ch. 10, Image-Paradigms as a New Notion of Visual Culture, pp. 293-305, 335-337.
  19. ^ H. L. Kessler. "Seeing Medieval Art", Broadview Press, 2004, ch.5, Church, pp. 109-110

Further reading

  • Hierotopy. Christian Sacred Spaces. Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity. Cambridge, 2010, pp. 512–515 (see bibliography in [1])
  • Hierotopy: The Creation of sacred spaces in Byzantium and medieval Russia, ed. A. Lidov. Moscow: Indrik, 2006 [2]
  • New Jerusalems: Hierotopy and iconography of sacred spaces, ed. A. Lidov. Moscow: Indrik, 2009,910 pp. [3]
  • A. Lidov. Hierotopy: Spatial Icons and Image-Paradigms in Byzantine Culture, Moscow: Theoria, 2009, 352 pp.
  • Bissera V. Pentcheva. The Sensual Icon. Space, Ritual, and the Senses in Byzantium, Pennstate Press, 2009. abstractsample chapter
  • Holy Water in the Hierotopy and Iconography of the Christian World. Moscow: Theoria, 2017, 760 pp.
  • Icons of space. Advances in hierotopy. London&NY, 2021, 422 pp. (ed. J. Bogdanovich)

External links

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