Hirano body

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Hirano bodies are intracellular aggregates of actin and actin-associated proteins first observed in neurons (nerve cells) by Asao Hirano in 1965.[1] The eponym ‘Hirano bodies’ was not introduced until 1968, by Schochet et al., three years after Hirano first observed the proteins.[2]

Hirano bodies are found in the nerve cells of individuals afflicted with certain neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.[3]

Hirano bodies were first described in the CA1 in patients with

slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.[6]

Hirano bodies have been noted as a function of age without obvious underlying neurodegeneration.[7]

Alzheimer's disease

The Sommer’s sector (CA1) of the hippocampus has been described to be influential in the formation of new memories, as well as, containing inclusion bodies that contribute to a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), intellectual deficit.[2] Alzheimer’s neurofibrillary tangles show a preference to form in the CA1, which is one of the major areas in which Hb’s have been observed.[2] There are a larger number of Hb’s found in people with Alzheimer’s disease than those without the disease.[4] Additionally many processes of Alzheimer’s neurofibrillary tangles have been observed to contain Hirano bodies.[2]

Hirano bodies are described as cytoplasmic paracrystalline lattices, which are a main form of a pathological feature seen in a broad spectrum of

neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).[8] There is an upregulation of a macroautophagic pathway related to AD that can be related to an actin aggregate thought to be an intermediate in the formation of Hirano bodies.[9] More specifically the actin and actin binding proteins seen in Hirano bodies are a significant feature of an Alzheimer’s disease brain.[9] Additionally, variations in the locational characteristics of β-amyloid precursor proteins seen in Alzheimer’s disease are connected to Hirano bodies. It was observed that Hirano bodies are a specific site of a C-terminal fragment of β-amyloid precursor proteins.[2][10]

Notes

  1. ^ University of Edinburgh Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine, Hirano bodies, citing Hirano, Asao. (1965) "Pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis," in Slow Latent and Temperate Virus Infections, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness (NINDB) monograph No.2, pp. 23-37.
  2. ^
    S2CID 23942573
    .
  3. PMID 2984334
    .
  4. ^
    PMID 2468822
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-7216-7335-6
    .
  6. ^ Maselli, A. G., Davis, R., Furukawa, R. and Fechheimer, M. (2002)."Formation of Hirano bodies in Dictyostelium and mammalian cells induces by expression of a modified form of an actin-crosslinking protein," J.Cell Sci. 115, 1939-1952.
  7. S2CID 32228762
    .
  8. PMID 19479823
    .
  9. ^
    PMID 16203860
    .
  10. S2CID 84120926
    .

References

External links
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