Hispanics and Latinos in Arizona
Hispanic and Latino Arizonans are residents of the state of Arizona who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 30% of the state's population.[1]
History
After the
The settler community in Arizona dwindled in 1751 because of the problems it faced: Arizona's main economic source, the silver mines, ran out, so settlers lost interest in the territory. In addition, the
After the New Spain independence from Spain in 1821, Southern Arizona was incorporated into the Mexican state of Sonora in 1822, although the Hispanic population remained small. Sonora became in the Estado de Occidente in 1824.
Arizona was thinly colonized by Mexico in the 1840s, with little protection from much larger Amerindian population. The U.S. won the Mexican–American War (1846–1848) and Mexico ceded to the U.S. the northern 70% of modern-day Arizona through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848). On June 8, 1854 the United States bought 29,670-square-mile of land from Mexico. This purchase, called Gadsden Purchase, consisted of the present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Since the second half of the 19th century, thousands of Mexicans have migrated to Arizona.
Arizona's first decades as part of the US (1850–1870) were characterised by the fact that most of its immigrants were Mexican. From 1870 to 1900 Arizona's population grew to 122,000 from just 10,000. Part of this growth was due to Mexican migration. Mexicans accounted for one out of every three immigrants in Arizona in that period.[4]
Demographics
In 2003, for the first time, there were slightly more births to Hispanics in the state than births to non-Hispanic whites. Since then, the gap has widened. In 2007, Hispanics accounted for 45% of all newborns whereas non-Hispanic whites accounted for 41% of all births. However by 2011 those trends reversed. By 2011, non-Hispanic whites accounted for 46% of all births while Hispanics births fell to 39%.
Ancestry by origin (2019 surveys) | Population | % |
---|---|---|
Argentine
|
3,007 | |
Bolivian
|
735 | |
Chilean
|
2,526 | |
Colombian
|
10,410 | |
Costa Rican
|
2,455 | |
Cuban
|
18,147 | |
Dominican
|
6,267 | |
Ecuadorian
|
3,257 | |
Guatemalan
|
22,694 | |
Honduran
|
7,853 | |
Mexican
|
2,024,770 | |
Nicaraguan
|
4,822 | |
Panamanian
|
4,137 | |
Paraguayan
|
528 | |
Peruvian
|
9,122 | |
Puerto Rican
|
48,793 | |
Salvadoran
|
19,556 | |
" Spanish "
|
24,727 | |
"Spaniard" | 32,278 | |
"Spanish American" | 417 | |
Uruguayan
|
364 | |
Venezuelan
|
3,171 | |
All other | 116,649 | |
Total | 2,310,592 |
Ancestry by region[12][13] | Number | % |
---|---|---|
Mexicans | 1,657,668 | 25.9% |
Caribbeans
|
48,582 | 0.8% |
Central Americans | 36,642 | 0.6% |
South Americans | 21,895 | 0.3% |
Other Hispanic | 130,362 | 2.0% |
Total |
Spanish language in Arizona
The state (like its
Historic Hispanic/Latino population
Colonial and Mexican Arizona
Arizona | Number of people of Hispanic Origin in Arizona[2] | +% of Population of Hispanic Origin in Arizona |
---|---|---|
1687 | 10 (Spanish settlers in Tumacacori, first Spanish foundation in modern-day Arizona) |
N/A |
1732 | 100 | N/A |
1736 | 200 | N/A |
1741 | 1,000 | N/A |
1751 | 100 (The revolt of the native Pima people resulted in the murder of 100 people, while most of the settlers must have left the area to flee the Pima) |
|
1752 | 300 | |
1757 | 500 | |
1768 | 800 | |
1779–1820 | 1,120 (Zero population growth) |
|
1831 | + 768 (Mexican population in Tucson and Tubac, the main cities of Arizona in term of Mexican population; after Arizona's independence and Amerindian attacks, the population had declined)[14] |
American Arizona
Arizona | Number of Mexican Origin (1870–1930) and of Hispanic/Latino Origin (1940–2020) in Arizona[15][16][17][18][a] |
+% of Population of Mexican Origin (1870–1930) and of Hispanic/Latino Origin (1940–2020) in Arizona |
---|---|---|
1850 | 1,000[19] | + 51% [20] |
1860 | + 3,200 | + 51%[20] |
1870 | 5,891 | 61%[21] |
1880 | 20,281[22] | 50% |
1890 | 17,648 | 20%[23] |
1900 | 32,000[22] – 40,000 (Mexican ethnics)[24] | N/A |
1910 | Variable estimates: 49,044 – 58,445 – 67,041[22] |
24.0% (fist data[25]) – 28.6% (second data) |
1920 | Variable estimates: 88,552 – 101,585 – 109,851[22] |
26.5% (first data[25]) – 30.4% (second data) |
1930 | Variable estimates: 114,120 – 121,955[22] – 131,543 |
26.2%(fist data[25]) – 30.2% (third data) |
1940 | 101 902 | 20.4% |
1950 | 128,928 | 17.2% |
1960 | 194,021 | 14.9% |
1970 | 306,609 (15% sample) | 17.3% |
1980 | 440,701 | 16.2% |
1990 | 688,338 | 18.8% |
2000 | 1,295,617 | 25.3% |
2010 | 1,895,149 | 29.6% |
2020 | 2,192,253 | 30.2% |
Cities and town with Hispanic majority
Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
- Avondale (50.3%)
- Drexel Heights (70.6%)
- San Luis (98.7%)
- Yuma (54.8%)[26]
Places with between 10,000 and 25,000 people
Places with fewer than 10,000 people
- Aguila (69.4%)
- Arivaca Junction (67.6%)[27]
- Ash Fork (51.4%)
- Avenue B and C (74.7%)
- Aztec (91.5%)
- Beyerville (89.8%)
- Clifton (60.1%)
- Dateland (59.4%)
- Donovan Estates (93.4%)[28]
- Drexel-Alvernon (58.1%)
- Drysdale (90.8%)
- Dudleyville (63.4%)
- El Prado Estates (84.5%)
- Elfrida (54.2%)
- Gadsden (97.1%)
- Gila Bend (65.4%)
- Guadalupe (62.2%)
- Hayden (84.4%)
- Kino Springs (62.5%)
- Littletown (69.5%)
- Mammoth (69.7%)
- Miami (56.0%)
- Morenci (53.1%)
- Naco (83.9%)
- Orange Grove Mobile Manor (98.8%)
- Padre Ranchitos (78.4%)
- Picacho (62.4%)
- Pirtleville (95.3%)
- Poston (55.4%)
- Rancho Mesa Verde (98.1%)
- San Jose (65.4%)
- Solomon (75.8%)
- South Tucson (78.5%)
- Stanfield (66.1%)
- Summit (80.3%)
- Superior (68.5%)
- Tacna (58.0%)
- Theba (95.6%)
- Tolleson (80.1%)
- Tumacacori-Carmen(52.7%)
- Valencia West (65.1%)
- Wall Lane (83.1%)
- Wenden (55.2%)
- Winkelman (82.4%)
- Willcox (50.1%)
See also
References
- ^ "Arizona QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. 2011. Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2014. (Note: All percentage figures rounded.)
- ^ a b c David P. Coulson; Linda Joyce (August 2003). "United States state-level population estimates: Colonization to 1999" (PDF). USDA. p. 32. The data were estimated by Coulson and Joyce.
- ^ Martínez Laínez, Fernando and Canales Torres, Carlos. Banderas lejanas: La exploración, conquista y defensa por parte de España del Territorio de los actuales Estados Unidos (in Spanish: Far flags. The exploration, conquest and defense by Spain of the Territory of the present United States). pp. 145–46. Fourth edition: September 2009.
- ^ Arizona Migration History 1860–2017. Published by University of Washington.
- ^ "Arizona – Fact Sheet – American FactFinder". Archived from the original on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ "Arizona – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2005–2007". Archived from the original on 2020-02-10. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ "Arizona – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2005–2007". Archived from the original on 2020-02-10. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ "Puerto Rican Lives Matter". July 25, 2019.
- ^ "Births: Prelimanary Data for 2011" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. 61 (5). U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. 3 October 2012.
- ^ "Arizona". Modern Language Association. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
- ^ "Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin: 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. 2019.
- ^ US Census Bureau: "Redistricting Data, First Look at Local 2010 Census Results" Archived 2013-10-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ US Census Bureau, Systems Support Division. "Population by Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin for the United States: 1990 and 2000 (PHC-T-1)". Census.gov. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
- ISBN 978-0-8263-0603-6. The data were estimated by Coulson and Joyce.
- ^ "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". Census.gov. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-12. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
- ^ "U.S. Census of Population: 1960" (PDF). Www2.census.gov. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
- ^ "The Hispanic Population: 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
- ^ "The Hispanic Population: 2010" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
- ISBN 978-1-118-79034-2.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-674-03764-9.
- ^ Jens Manuel Krogstad; Mark Hugo Lopez (June 10, 2014). "For three states, share of Hispanic population returns to the past". Pew Research Center.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-429-75363-3.
- ISBN 978-1-4962-2956-4.
- ISBN 978-1-4408-4169-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4614-0296-1.
- ^ American factfinder 2010 census date retrieved March 12, 2013
- ^ Census 2010 data finder date for Arivaca Junction retrieved March 12, 2013
- ^ factfinder for the 2010 census data retrieved 12 March 2013]
External links
- Lucero, Heraian Robert (2004). Plessy to Brown: Education of Mexican Americans in Arizona public schools during the era of segregation (PDF). University of Arizona. – PhD thesis