History of Augusta, Georgia
Colonial Augusta
In 1736, two years after
The town was laid out on the flat slopes of the Savannah River, just east of the sand hills that would come to be known as
] The Shawnees in the region were known as the Savano Indians. The name of the Savannah River is an Anglicization of their tribal name.In 1739, construction began on a road to connect Augusta to Savannah. This made it possible for people to reach Augusta by
The town's relationship with the neighboring
While slavery was originally banned in the colony by James Oglethorpe,[3] it soon became an integral part of Georgia's history.[4] Under Georgia's new constitution, a new political structure was laid out in 1777; Augusta's parish government was replaced by a county government, Richmond County, named after the Duke of Richmond.
American Revolution to the Civil War
During the American Revolution, Savannah fell to the British. This left Augusta as the new state capital and a new prime target of the British. By January 31, 1779, Augusta was captured by Lt. Col. Archibald Campbell. But Campbell soon withdrew, as American troops were gathering on the opposite shore of the Savannah River. Augusta again became the state capital, but not for long. Augusta fell into British hands once more before the end of the war.
From then until the
In 1845, Augusta was the location of the founding of the
By 1860 Augusta had a population of 12,493; it was then one of 102 U.S. cities to have a population of over 10,000, and was the second largest city in Georgia.
Civil War to World War II
Originally, Augustans welcomed the idea of the Civil War. The new
Specifically, the Richmond County School System refused to educate African American students at all. In 1899, a group of parents took their objections in a class actions suit the Supreme Court in Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education. The court ruled that the use of state funds was not within federal purview under the Fourteenth Amendment. This ruling was overturned in Brown v. Board of Education.
In 1828, the
Unlike most Southern cities,
In 1927, Owen Robertson Cheatham founded the lumber company
Prior to
World War II to consolidation
Augusta's golden age
In 1948, new life came to the city when the U.S. Army moved the Signal Training Center and Military Police School to Camp Gordon. Later, in November 1948, the
The Civil Rights Movement and backlash
The
Today, African Americans constitute 53.6 percent
Urban decline
Beginning in the late 1970s, businesses started leaving downtown Augusta for both Regency Mall and Augusta Mall, which started a trend of urban abandonment and decay. To counter this trend, city politicians and business leaders promoted revitalizing Augusta's hidden riverfront (obscured by a levee) into Riverwalk Augusta, with parks, an amphitheater, hotels, museums, and art galleries. The first segment of Riverwalk Augusta was opened in the late 1980s and later expanded in the early 1990s. However, the renaissance of the riverfront did not appear to be spilling over into Augusta's main street, Broad Street, as more businesses were leaving and more storefronts boarded up. Broad Street is the second widest Broad street in America.[12]
Revitalization
In 1995, members of the art community and downtown boosters started a monthly event called
1996 consolidation
In 1995, citizens of the city of Augusta and Richmond County voted to merge governments. Citizens of
1996 to present
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The Augusta Museum of History[13] highlights Augusta's history and famous natives and Historic Augusta[14] has helped preserve architecturally important sites throughout the city.
Cyber boom
In 2013, the U.S. Army announced the relocation of the
See also
- Timeline of Augusta, Georgia
- List of mayors of Augusta, Georgia
- Arts and culture in Augusta, Georgia
- Province of Georgia (colonial Georgia)
- Category:History of Augusta, Georgia
References
- ^ Robertson Jr., Thomas Heard (2002). "The Colonial Plan of Augusta". Georgia Historical Quarterly. 86 (4): 511.
- ^ ISBN 978-1572330191. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
- ^ Slavery in America
- ^ Our Georgia Encyclopedia: Slavery in Georgia
- ^ Baker, Robert A. "Southern Baptist Beginnings." Baptist History and Heritage Society. "BHHS -- Southern Baptist Beginnings". Archived from the original on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
- ^ "Georgia group making moves in rebuilding Southern Baptist birthplace". Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2016-02-06. First Baptist Church building landmark restoration
- ^ African American Odyssey: Reconstruction and Its Aftermath, Part 1 (Library of Congress)
- ^ New Georgia Encyclopedia: Augusta
- ^ "Georgia Pacific.com". Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2008-11-14.
- ^ William B. Bell Auditorium
- ^ US Census Bureau: American FactFinder Archived 2009-06-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Guidebook Augusta Archived 2008-04-11 at the Wayback Machine Guidebook America.com
- ^ Augusta Museum of History
- ^ Historic Augusta.org
Further reading
- Augusta Directory. Augusta, Ga.: Browne & McCaffery. 1841.
External links
- Augusta Chronicle: Augusta's History Series of news articles from 1995 on Augusta history
- Augusta Museum of History
- The Augusta Richmond County Historical Society
- Saint Paul's Church
- Picturing Augusta: Historic Postcards from the Collection of the East Central Georgia Regional Library System Turn-of-the-twentieth-century postcards of the Augusta area from the collection of the East Central Georgia Regional Library System
- Robert E. Williams Photographic Collection: African-Americans in the Augusta, Ga. Vicinity (Richmond Co.), circa 1872–1898. Late-nineteenth-century photographs of Augusta-area African American people, places, agriculture, family life, and more from the collections of the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library
- Augusta, Georgia, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
- The History of Jim Crow: Teacher Resources
- Lucy Craft Laney Museum
- Augusta Metro Courier weekly newspaper targeted toward local African American community
- Augusta Movement, Civil Rights Digital Library.
News articles
- Augusta Chronicle: Augusta's Black History Various articles about African American history in Augusta
- Augusta Chronicle: Death of jail inmate fueled fire for riots 2000 article about the May 1970 Augusta riots
- Augusta Chronicle: Brown eased crowd during riots 2006 article about James Brown's role in trying to calm 1970 city riots
- Augusta Chronicle: Race Relations 2004–2005 series of articles on local race relations
- Metro Spirit: "chronicle.hate.com"[permanent dead link] 2007 article about racial attacks on the Augusta Chronicle message board, includes quotes from African American figures in local government
- Metro Spirit: Color of Law[permanent dead link] 2007 article on lack of more local African American attorneys
- WRDW: Future of the Augusta Focus article about the future of the Augusta Focus newspaper