History of papermaking in New York
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The History of
Early paper mills
There is documentation that the New York merchant John Keating opened a paper mill in Manhattan in 1768, although no watermarks have been attributed to that mill.[3] In 1772 Keating moved his mill to Continental Village, in Putnam County, NY, where it operated for a few years, until it was set afire by British troops in 1777, during the American Revolution.[3]
In 1773, the Manhattan-based printer and bookseller Hugh Gaine, in partnership with Hendrick Onderdonk and Henry Remsen, established a paper mill at Hempstead Harbor (later called Roslyn), on Long Island. Watermarks of this consortium, based on a combination of the partners' initials, appear on printings of New York state laws in 1775.[4]
First groundwood papermaking
The first mechanical invention to revolutionize paper making was the
In 1866,
Early visions of wood-based papermaking in New York
Cornell Professor of Forest Management, and a leader and consultant to the
It all started for the Paine family in 1885. Several years before, Augustus G. Paine Sr. had sold the Champlain Fiber and Pulp Co., of Willsboro, New York, an 'evaporator' to recover and reuse the expensive chemicals used in “cooking” wood chips. Like many equipment dealers, Paine not only marketed his product but financed it as well. When Champlain Fiber went bellyup, Paine's note made him the proud owner of his very own pulp mill.[14]
A.G.Paine Sr. summoned his bachelor son home from studies in England to run the plant. His son,
The J. & J. Rogers Company put
At the time, James Rogers Jr. controlled roughly 75,000 acres of timberland on which much of the hardwood had been cut for charcoal to make iron. A business opportunity occurred to him: harvest the remaining softwood, mostly spruce, for wood pulp, the new way of making paper! The paper mill was built in 1902.[17]
Hudson River Pulp & Paper Mills
Albrecht Pagenstecher and his friend Senator Warren Miller's trip resulted in the
Following its acquisition by the
After World War II, Hudson River millworkers developed and perfected the production of coated papers for International Paper. In November 2002, shifting economic forces resulted in the mill's closure; nine years later, in 2011, it was slated for demolition.[22][23][24]
Finch Paper LLC (Finch, Pruyn Company) is an American paper manufacturing corporation, operating in Glens Falls, New York, for 150 years.[25][26][27]
In Mechanicville, New York, Westvaco Corporation's MeadWestvaco 6 paper machines ran non-stop to feed the printing presses of the nation's leading publishers. After WWII the Westvaco plant was the largest 'book-paper' mill in the world. It closed in 1971.[28][29][30][31][32]
In
Wood-based papermaking in Watertown
Even while Pagenstecher was starting up the Hudson River mill, in 1869 Illustrious Remington and his three sons, Hiram, Alfred D. and Charles R., were making a ton of newsprint daily in Watertown, New York, using four rag machines and an 84" fourdrinier machine. By 1870, the Remingtons, seeing a future for wood pulp, built three mills on Sewall's Island in Watertown. These mills used the Voelter process allowing a low-cost, high-quality Remington newsprint to be made of 75% rags and 25% wood pulp instead of all-rag content paper costing five times more.[39]
A third invention caught the imagination of the Remingtons. In 1867,
The Remingtons were selling newsprint to the
The revolution in paper-making in the Black River region was complete: fourdrinier machines became bigger and bigger and faster and faster; the demand for spruce was insatiable and the lumbermen practically denuded the virgin forests; the unpleasant odor of the sulphite mills replaced the equally unpleasant odor of the tanneries. Other paper-makers, emulating the success of the Remingtons embarked on a costly program of mass-production of wood pulp newsprint.[40][full citation needed]
Gould Paper Company
G. Henry P. Gould was the founder of the Gould Paper Company in Lyons Falls, New York.[41]
In 1956 the Lyons Falls Paper Corporation took over operations. They put in a hardwood pulping plant. They were the first paper maker in the United States to use this type of process.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ Valente, A. J. (2010). Rag Paper Manufacture in the United States, 1801–1900: A History, with directories of mills and owners. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 61.
- ^ Valente (2010), p. 8.
- ^ a b Bidwell, John (2013). American Paper Mills, 1690–1832: A Directory of the Paper Trade, with notes on products, watermarks, distribution methods, and manufacturing techniques. Hanover, N.H.: Dartmouth College Press. p. 196.
- ^ Bidwell (2013), p. 198.
- ^ a b "Groundwood." A. Pagenstrecher. Paper Trade Journal. Oct. 16, 1897. page 19. Also Paper Trade Journal, March 19, 1942, page 22.
- ^ a b Recknagel, A.B.(Forestry Consultant, St. Regis Paper Company), "The Pulp and Paper Industry in Northern and Central New York", The Northeastern Logger (Old Forge), page 16, May 1960.
- OCLC 383666(republished in 1978 in facsimile by Dover, New York)
- ^ Recknagel, A.B.(Forestry Consultant, St. Regis Paper Company), "The Pulp and Paper Industry in Northern and Central New York", The Northeastern Logger (Old Forge), page 16, May 1960
- ^ a b Recknagel, A.B.(Forestry Consultant, St. Regis Paper Company), "The Pulp and Paper Industry in Northern and Central New York", The Northeastern Logger (Old Forge), May 1960. Also retold in Thomas, Howard, 1963, Black River in the North Country, p.98-100; Prospect Books, Prospect, NY.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2011-09-18.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Guide to the Empire State Forest Products Association Records,1917–1961". Rmc.library.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
- ^ "Home". ESFPA. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
- ^ "Our Town: A Look at Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY : History of Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY : The Pagenstecher Family: From Rags to Riches". Cornwall On Hudson. 2006-11-29. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
- ^ https://www.aarch.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/040917aVLPWillsboroPoint.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Adirondack Life Article - Peter Paine - Adirondack Life". www.adirondacklifemag.com. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ "Vintage Postcard: Willsboro Paper Mill". Essex on Lake Champlain. 2017-11-08. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ "Undamming Rome". Ausable River Association. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
- ^ "The Hudson River Mill Project". The Hudson River Mill Project. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
- ^ "Adirondack Life Article - One Hundred Years of Paper Work - Adirondack Life". www.adirondacklifemag.com. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ Recknagel, A.B. (Forestry Consultant, St. Regis Paper Company) "The Pulp and Paper Industry in Northern and Central New York", The Northeastern Logger (Old Forge), May 1960. Also retold in Thomas, Howard, 1963, Black River in the North Country. Prospect, NY: Prospect Books, pp. 98–100.
- ^ Mumford, Warren (29 November 2006). "History: The Pagenstecher Family: From Rags to Riches". www.cornwall-on-hudson.com. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=73062&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=307127
- ^ About: The Hudson River Mill Project
- ^ Former paper mill site in Adirondacks to be demolished
- ^ "History - Papermaking History | Finch Paper". Finch Paper, LLC. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ "News". 24 August 2000.
- ^ "Finch CEO opens up | Glens Falls Chronicle". www.glensfallschronicle.com. 2015-02-12. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ "The Mechanicville Mile » A Paper City Relic is Crumpled up". Archived from the original on 2015-01-23. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
- ^ "Paper City - Part I of III". www.mechanicville.com. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ "Paper City - Part II of III". www.mechanicville.com. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ "Paper City - Part III of III". www.mechanicville.com. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ "Inventory of the Westvaco Corporation Records, 1902 - 2000". Archived from the original on 2017-04-21. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
- ^ "History-Timeless Since 1866".
- ^ "In Praise of the Humble Paper Bag • Coopernundrums". 4 July 2017.
- ^ "Saratoga County Mills Using Manila Hemp Were Home to 'The Paper Bag King'". 27 September 2020.
- ^ "The Paper Bag King".
- ^ "Who Really Designed the Brown Paper Bag?". 12 November 2010.
- ^ "Home". cottrellpaper.com.
- ^ a b c Thomas, Howard. 1963. Black River in the North Country. Prospect, NY: Prospect Books, pp. 98–100.
- ^ "Fifty Years of the Empire State Forest Products Association," by Nelson C. Brown and A.B. Recknagel, 1957
- ^ "Lyons Falls History ...Gould Paper Company".